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Subwavelength Electromagnetic-Field Narrowing

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Journal of Russian Laser Research Aims and scope

Abstract

This paper is primarily aimed at experimental verification of results of theoretical studies of the possibility of concentration of an electromagnetic wave on areas of a size much smaller than the wavelength λ with the help of doubly connected narrowing waveguides. Fundamentally important experimental results, in both the microwave and optical ranges, have been obtained on an installation containing a biconical horn in the form of a conical needle and a metal plane. A fundamental convergent mode has been excited. A reflected fundamental mode appeared and changed sharply as the vertex of the conical needle approached the plane at a distance of the order of several nanometers and closer. The predictions of the theory concerning the concentration of electromagnetic (microwave and optical) radiation in a biconical horn onto objects with a size of the order of a nanometer with almost no losses have been confirmed experimentally. The possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the methods of spectroscopy of individual impurity sites using a biconical horn for coupling with the near field of a quantum oscillator (atom, molecule) in a quasi-stationary region is also investigated. The efficiency of electric-dipole radiation emission into a biconical horn increases by a factor of (λ/r0)4 compared to spontaneous radiation into free space (here λ is the wavelength and r0 is the distance from the dipole to the horn input). We have shown experimentally that it is possible in principle to create a device functioning as a sensor (a near-field electromagnetic microscope) and as an instrument of the action by a strong electromagnetic field (simultaneously at several frequencies) with a spatial resolution of the order of 1 nm in the optical and microwave ranges. Results of experiments of other authors are discussed in terms of concepts of convergent and divergent waves in a biconical horn. The feasibility of extending these methods to the extreme UV and soft x-ray ranges is pointed out.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 53, Moscow, 117924, Russia

    V. S. Zuev

  2. Fryazino Department of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pl. Akademika Vvedenskogo 1, Fryazino, Moscow Region, 141120, Russia

    A. V. Frantsesson

Authors
  1. V. S. Zuev
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  2. A. V. Frantsesson
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Correspondence to V. S. Zuev.

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__________

Translated from Preprint No. 31 of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow (1998).

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Zuev, V.S., Frantsesson, A.V. Subwavelength Electromagnetic-Field Narrowing. J Russ Laser Res 19, 465–482 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03380144

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