Conclusions
A new hypothesis of unreacted deoxidants or alloys due to incomplete mixing must be taken into account when speaking about surface defects, such as pencil lamination, inclusion lines, and seams, especially when no correlation can be drawn between internal cleanliness and surface defects. This has interesting extensions to stainless strip of the 300, and especially of the 200, series, and also to slab casting problems.
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Luyckx, L. Incomplete Mixing of Manganese as Origin of Surface Pencil Lines in Aluminum-Killed Steel for Autobody. JOM 20, 61–68 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03378723
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03378723