Abstract
An investigation was made of the mechanism of plastic flow in coarse grained specimens of both sponge and iodide titanium at low (−196°C) and high (500° and 800°C) temperatures. Deformation by slip occurs predominantly on a {1010| plane and in a <1120> direction over this entire temperature range, and secondary slip on 1011 planes becomes more prevalent with increasing temperature. The crystallographic habit of the predominant twin type is temperature-dependent, and deformation by twinning increases as the temperature of testing is lowered. Kink bands were not observed at —196°C and rarely at the high temperatures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. D. Rosi, C. A. Dube, and B. H. Alexander: Mechanism of Plastic Flow in Titanium—Determination of Slip and Twinning Elements. Trans. AIME (1953) 197, p. 257; Journal of Metals (February 1953).
E. A. Anderson, D. C. Jillson, and S. R. Dunbar: Deformation Mechanisms in Alpha Titanium. Trans. AIME (1953) 197, p. 1191; Journal of Metals (September 1953).
A. T. Churchman: Preparation of Single Crystals of Titanium and Their Mode of Deformation. Nature (1953) 171, p. 706.
T. S. Liu and M. A. Steinberg: Twinning Single Crystals of Titanium. Trans. AIME (1952) 194, p. 1043; Journal of Metals (October 1952).
C. J. McHargue and J. P. Hammond: Deformation Mechanisms in Titanium at Elevated Temperatures. Acta Metallurgica (1953) 1, No. 6, p. 700.
M. C. Crussard: Slip in High Purity Aluminum Crystals. Revue de Metallurgie (1945) 42, p. 286.
F. D. Rosi and C. H. Mathewson: A Study of the Plastic Behavior of High Purity Aluminum Single Crystals at Various Temperatures. Trans. AIME (1950) 188, p. 1159; Journal of Metals (September 1950).
N. K. Chen and R. B. Pond: Dynamic Formation of Slip Bands in Aluminum. Trans. AIME (1952) 194, p. 1085; Journal of Metals (October 1952).
K. Yamaguchi: The Slip-Band Produced when crystals of Aluminum Are Stretched, I—Extension at Room Temperature. Scientific Papers Inst, of Physical Chemistry Research, Tokyo (1928) 8, p. 289; II—Extension at High (and Low) Temperatures. Scientific Papers (1929) 9, p. 277.
A. F. Brown: Slip Bands and Hardening Processes in Aluminum. Journal Inst, of Metals (1951) 80, p. 115.
F. D. Rosi: Mechanism of Plastic Flow in Titanium—Manifestations and Dynamics of Glide. Trans. AIME (1954) 200, p. 58; Journal of Metals (January 1954).
C. M. Craighead, G. A. Lenning, and R. I. Jaffee: Nature of the Line Markings in Titanium and Alpha Titanium Alloys. Trans. AIME (1952) 194, p. 1317; Journal of Metals (December 1952).
E. Schmid and W. Boas: Kristallplastizitat. (1935) Berlin. J. Springer.
P. W. Bakarian and C. H. Mathewson: Slip and Twinning in Magnesium Crystals. Trans. AIME (1943) 152, p. 226; Metals Technology (April 1943).
E. B. Pfeil: Carnegie Scholarship Memoirs Iron and Steel Inst. (1926) 15, p. 319; (1927) 16, p. 153.
R. W. Cahn: Plastic Deformation in Alpha Uranium. Acta Metallurgica (1953) 1, p. 49.
A. Laloeuf and Crussard: Relation Between the Deformation and Recrystallization of Monocrystals of Aluminum. Revue de Metallurgie (1951) 48, p. 462.
R. W. Cahn: Slip and Polygonization in Aluminum. Journal Inst, of Metals (1951) 19, p. 129.
R. W. K. Honey combe: Inhomogeneities in the Plastic Deformation of Metal Crystal. Journal Inst, of Metals (1951) 80, p. 45.
N. K. Chen and C. H. Mathewson: Structural Studies of Plastic Deformation in Aluminum Single Crystals. Trans. AIME (1951) 191, p. 653; Journal of Metals (August 1951).
E. C. Burke and W. R. Hibbard, Jr.: Plastic Deformation of Magnesium Single Crystals. Trans. AIME (1952) 194, p. 295; Journal of Metals (March 1952).
W. Boas and E. Schmid: Dependence of Crystal Plasticity on Temperature. Ill—Aluminum. Ztsch. für Physik (1931) 71, p. 703.
G. I. Taylor and C. F. Elain: Distortion of Iron Crystals. Proceedings Royal Soc, London (1926) 112, p. 337; and H. J. Gough: Alternating Torsion of Alpha-Iron. Proceedings Royal Soc, London (1928) 118, p. 498.
C. F. Elain: The Distortion of β-Brass and Iron Crystals. Proceedings Royal Soc, London (1936) 153A, p. 273.
L. C. Tsien and Y. S. Chow: The Glide of Single Crystals of Molybdenum. Proceedings Royal Soc, London (1937) 163A, p. 19.
E. N. da C. Andrade and L. C. Tsien: The Glide of Single Crystals of Sodium and Potassium. Proceedings Royal Soc, London (1937) 163A, p. 1.
N. N. Davidenkov, A. F. Kolesnikov, and K. N. Federov: Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (1933) 3, p. 350.
C. S. Barrett and C. T. Haller: Twinning in Polycrystalline Magnesium. Trans. AIME (1947) 171, p. 246; Metals Technology (December 1946).
Plastic Flow and Recrystallization of Titanium. Progress Report Nos. YE 54–530 and YE 54–541 to Aeronautical Research Laboratory, WADC, by Sylvania Electric Products Inc. (Sept. 1, 1952 to Mar. 1, 1953.) Contract No. AF 33 (616) 422.
G. A. Lenning, C. M. Craighead, and R. I. Jaffee: The Effect of Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium. First Summary Report to Watertown Arsenal by Batfelle Memorial Inst. (July 31, 1952) Contract No. DA-33-019-ORD-220.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
F. D. Rosi, Associate Member AIME, formerly associated with Sylvania Electric Products Inc.
F. C. Perkins, Junior Member AIME, formerly associated with Sylvania Electric Products Inc.
Discussion of this paper, TP 3958E, may be sent, 2 copies, to AIME by Apr. 1, 1956. Manuscript, Sept. 29, 1954. Philadelphia Meeting, October 1955.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rosi, F.D., Perkins, F.C. & Seigle, L.L. Mechanism of Plastic Flow in Titanium at Low and High Temperatures. JOM 8, 115–122 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03377654
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03377654