Abstract
In this article, we take up Oilman’s (2014) challenge that historical archaeology should explore the motion of capitalism both in space and time. We discuss capitalism as a dynamic totality and use this to develop the implications for historical archaeology in two different but interconnected ways. First, we use the rich context of Lowell, Massachusetts, to provide a detailed analysis of how capitalism developed in a single place. The second case uses several archaeological sites from across the U.S. to highlight capitalism’s motion from the perspective of a single commodity, coal. We link labor and the environment, past and present, to highlight the folly of seeing the exploitation of workers and the environment is as an accepted part of capitalist economic development. Understanding capitalism in motion is more than just a future research direction for historical archaeology because without these critical understandings people may not have a future at all.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Adams, Sean P. 2004 Old Dominion, Industrial Commonwealth: Coal, Politics, and Economy in Antebellum America. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Allen, William 1925 The Utilization of Marginal and Sub-Marginal Hill Farm Land. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI.
Arnold, Andrew 2014 Fueling the Gilded Age: Railroads, Mines, and Disorder in Pennsylvania Coal Country. New York University Press, New York, NY.
Barron, Hal S. 1984 Those Who Stayed Behind: Rural Society in Nineteenth Century New England. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Beaudry, Mary C., and Stephen A. Mrozowski 2001 Cultural Space and Work Identity in the Company City: Nineteenth Century Lowell, Massachusetts. In The Archaeology of Urban Landscapes: Explorations in Slumland, Alan Mayne and Tim Murray, editors, pp. 118–131. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Beckert, Sven 2014 Empire of Cotton: A Global History. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
Blewett, Mary H. 1976 The Mill and the Multitudes: A Political History. In Cotton Was King: A History of Lowell, Massachusetts, Arthur L. Enos, Jr., editor, pp. 163–189. New Hampshire Publishing Company and the Lowell Historical Society, Lowell, MA.
Bothwell, Lawrence 1983 Broome County Heritage. Windsor, Woodland Hills, NY.
Candee, Richard M. 1982 New Towns of the Early New England Textile Industry. In Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, Carmel Wells, editor, pp. 31–50. Vernacular Architecture Forum, Annapolis, MD.
Candee, Richard M. 1985 Architecture and Corporate Planning in the Early Waltham System. In Essays from the Lowell Conference on Industrial History 1983: The Industrial City, Robert Weible, editor, pp. 17–43. North Andover Museum of American Textile History, North Andover, MA.
Carlson, Carolyn Anne 1974 Land and Life: Historical Ecology at Hector Land Use Area. Master’s thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Chay, Kenneth Y., and Michael Greenstone 2003 The Impact of Air Pollution on Infant Mortality: Evidence from Geographic Variation in Pollution Shocks Induced by a Recession. Quarterly Journal of Economics 118(3): 1121–1167.
Chay, Kenneth Y., and Michael Greenstone 2005 Does Air Quality Matter? Evidence from the Housing Market. Journal of Political Economy 113(2): 376–424.
Clark, Brett, and Richard York 2005 Carbon Metabolism: Global Capitalism, Climate Change, and the Biospheric Rift. Theory and Society 34(4): 391–428.
Clements, Joyce M., and Daniel P. Lynch 2007 Phase II Archaeological Site Examination of the Jackson Appleton Middlesex Urban Revitalization and Development Project-Parking Structure Lowell, Massachusetts. Massachusetts Historical Commission Record No. 25217. Manuscript, Gray and Pape, Inc., Providence, RI.
Conklin, Dustin W. 2011 The Preconditions of Farm Abandonment: Agricultural and Domestic Labor. Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.
Connerton, Paul 2008 Seven Types of Forgetting. Memory Studies 1(1): 59–71.
Coolidge, John 1993 Mill and Mansion: A Study of Architecture and Society in Lowell, Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst.
Coughlan, Katelyn M. 2014 Disturbed but not Destroyed: New Perspectives on Urban Archaeology and Class in 19th Century Lowell, Massachusetts. Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston.
Dalzell, Robert F., Jr. 1987 Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, NY.
Darrah, Lawrence B. 1942 An Economic Study of Land Utilization in Schuyler County, New York. Cornell University, Agriculture Experiment Station, Bulletin 781. Ithaca, NY.
Delle, James A., and Patrick Heaton 2003 The Hector Backbone: A Quiescent Landscape of Conflict. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 93–110.
Dublin, Thomas 1979 Women at Work: The Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826–1860. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.
Dublin, Thomas 1981 From Farm to Factory: The Mill Experience and the Women’s Lives in New England, 1830–1860. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.
Dublin, Thomas, and Walter Licht 2005 The Face of Decline: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Region in the Twentieth Century. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
Eagleton, Terry 2011 Why Marx Was Right. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Ebert, Teresa L., and Mas’ud Zavarzadeh 2008 Class in Culture. Paradigm, Boulder, CO.
Ellsworth, Lucius F. 1975 Craft toNational Industry in the Nineteenth Century: A Case Study of the Transformation of the New York State Tanning Industry. Arno Press, New York, NY.
Foote, Nelson, W. A. Anderson, and Walter McKain 1944 Families Displaced in a Federal Sub-Marginal Land Purchase Program. Cornell University, Agriculture Experiment Station, Department of Rural Sociology, Bulletin No. 11. Ithaca, NY.
Freese, Barbara 2003 Coal: A Human History. Perseus, Cambridge, MA.
French, John Homer 1860 Gazetteer of the State of New York. R. P. Smith, Syracuse, NY.
Friedman, Eli, and Ching Kwan Lee 2010 Remaking the World of Chinese Labour: A 30-Year Retrospective. British Journal of Industrial Relations 48(3): 507–533.
Gates, Paul W. 1960 The Farmer’s Age: Agriculture, 1815–1860. Harper Torch, New York, NY.
Gazetteer of Broome and Tioga Counties 1872 Gazetteer of Broome and Tioga Counties. Hamilton Childe, Philadelphia, PA.
Gordon, Robert B., and Patrick M. Malone 1994 The Texture of Industry: An Archaeological View of the Industrialization of North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Green, James 2015 The Devil Is Here in These Hills. Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, NY.
Gross, Laurence F. 1993 The Course of Industrial Decline: The Boott Cotton Mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, 1835–1955. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Hanlon, William W. 2016 Coal Smoke and the Costs of the Industrial Revolution. UCLA Economics, W. Walker Hanlon, Working Papers and Work in Progress <http://www.econ.ucla.edu/whanlon/papers/hanlon_coal_and_the_costs_of_the_IR.pdf>. Accessed 14 August 2016.
Harman, Chris 2009 Zombie Capitalism: Global Crisis and the Relevance of Marx. Haymarket, Chicago, IL.
Harvey, David 1989 The Condition of Postmodernity. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Harvey, David 2006 Spaces of Global Capitalism. Verso, London, UK.
Harvey, David 2014 Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Hedrick, Ulysses P. 1933 A History of Agriculture in the State of New York. Hill & Wang, New York, NY.
Hoock, Mark 2013 “Common Sense” versus “Good Sense”: Marginalization in Agriculture. Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.
Jian, Yang 2012 China’s River Pollution ‘a Threat to People’s Lives.’ English—People’s Daily Online <http://en.people.cn/90882/7732438.html>. Accessed 4 August 2016.
Keefer, Tom 2008 Fossil Fuels, Capitalism and Class Struggle. The Commoner 13(2): 15–21.
King, Mary J. 1997 A Study of Schuyler County, the Town of Hector, and the Village of Reynoldsville: 1930–1940. Manuscript, Schuyler County Historical Society, Montour Falls, NY.
Knauf, Jocelyn E. 2015 What Does Womenhood Have to Do with Capitalism? Normalized Domesticity and the Rise of Industrialized Food in Annapolis, MD, 1870–1930. In Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, 2nd edition, M. P. Leone and J. E. Knauf, editors, pp. 77–101. Springer, New York, NY.
Kurlansky, Mark 1997 Cod: A Biography of the Fish that Changed the World. Walker & Co, New York, NY.
Kurlansky, Mark 2002 Salt: A World History. Perseus, Cambridge, UK.
Larkin, Karin, and Randall H. McGuire (editors) 2009 The Archaeology of Class War: The Colorado Coalfield Strike of 1913–1914. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.
Lawyer, William S. 1900 Binghamton: Its Settlement, Growth and Development and the Factors in Its History, 1800–1900. Century Memorial Publishing Company, Boston, MA.
Leone, Mark P. 1999 Setting Some Terms for the Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism. In Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, M. P. Leone and P. B. Potter, Jr., editors, pp. 3–20. Kluwer, New York, NY.
Lipchitz, Joseph 1976 The Golden Age. In Cotton Was King: A History of Lowell, Massachusetts, Arthur L. Eno, Jr., editor, pp. 80–103. New Hampshire Publishing Company and the Lowell Historical Society, Lowell, MA.
Lowell Board of Health 1888 Annual Report. Lowell Board of Health, Lowell, MA.
MacGaffey, Janet 2013 Coal Dust on Your Feet: The Rise, Decline, and Restoration of an Anthracite Mining Town. Bucknell University Press, Blue Ridge Summit, PA.
Marx, Karl 1967 Capital, Samuel Morse and Edward Aveling, translators. International, New York, NY.
Marx, Karl 1991 Capital, Vol. 3, David Fernbach, translator. Penguin, New York, NY.
Matthews, Christopher N. 2010 The Archaeology of American Capitalism. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
McGuire, Randall H. 2008 Archaeology as Political Action. University of California Press, Berkeley.
McGuire, Randall H. 2014 Won with Blood: Archaeology and Labor’s Struggle. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(2): 259–271.
McGuire, Ross, and Nancy Grey Osterud 1980 Working Lives: Broome County, New York, 1800–1930. Roberson Center for the Arts and Sciences, Binghamton, NY.
McMartin, Barbara 1992 Hides, Hemlock and Adirondack History. North Country, Utica, NY.
McNally, David 2011 Global Slump: The Economics and Politics of Crisis and Resistance. PM Press, Oakland, CA.
Milici, Robert C. (compiler) 1997 The Coalprod Database: Historical Production Data for the Major Coal-Producing Regions of the Coterminous United States. U.S. Geological Survey, USGS Publications Warehouse <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/of97-447/text.htm>. Accessed 23 March 2015.
Mintz, Sydney 1985 Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History. Viking, New York, NY.
Moore, Jason W. 2015 Capitalism in the Web of Life: Ecology and the Accumulation of Capital. Verso, London, UK.
Mrozowski, Stephen A. 2006a The Archaeology of Class in Urban America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Mrozowski, Stephen A. 2006b Environments of History: Biological Dimensions of Historical Archaeology. In Historical Archaeology, M. Hall and S. Silliman, editors, pp. 23–41. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Mrozowski, Stephen A. 2014 Imagining an Archaeology of the Future: Capitalism and Colonialism Past and Present. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(2): 340–360.
Mrozowski, Stephen A., Grace H. Zeising, and Mary C. Beaudry 1996 Living on the Boott: Historical Archaeology at the Boott Mills Boardinghouses, Lowell, Massachusetts. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst.
New York State Census 1855 New York State Census, Population and Industry, Manuscript Schedules. Department of State, Albany, NY. Microfilm, Broome County Historical Society, Binghamton, NY.
Nida, Brandon 2013 Demystifying the Hidden Hand: Capital and the State at Blair Mountain. Historical Archaeology 47(3): 52–68.
Nida, Brandon, and Michael J. Adkins 2011 The Social and Environmental Upheaval of Blair Mountain: A Working Class Struggle for Unionization and Historic Preservation. In Heritage, Labour and the Working Classes, Laurajane Smith, Paul Shackel, and Gary Campbell, editors, pp. 52–68. Routledge, New York, NY.
O’Donovan, Maria 2014 A Tale of One City: Creative Destruction, Spatial Fixes, and Ideology in Binghamton, New York. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(2): 284–298.
Ollman, Bertell 2003 Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marx’s Method. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Ollman, Bertell 2014 Historical Archaeology, Dialectical Materialism, or UFUG Studies? International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(2): 361–373.
Paynter, Robert 1988 Steps to an Archaeology of Capitalism: Material Culture and Class Analysis. In The Recovery of Meaning in Historical Archaeology, M. P. Leone and P. B. Potter, editors, pp. 407–433. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Rivoli, Pietra 2005 The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Roller, Michael P. 2013 Rewriting Narratives of Labor Violence: A Transnational Perspective ofthe Lattimer Massacre. Historical Archaeology 47(3): 109–123.
Roller, Michael P. 2014 Modernity and Community Change in Lattimer No. 2: The American 20th Century through the Archaeology of a Pennsylvania Anthracite Shanty Town. Paper presented at the 47th Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Quebec, QC.
Rottenberg, Dan 2003 In the Kingdom of Coal. Routledge, New York, NY.
Saitta, Dean J. 2007 The Archaeology of Collective Action. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Saloutos, Theodore 1982 The American Farmer and the New Deal. Iowa State University Press, Ames.
Sayer, Derek 1987 The Violence of Abstraction: The Analytical Foundations of Historical Materialism. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
Shackel, Paul A., and Michael P. Roller 2012 The Gilded Age Wasn’t so Gilded in the Anthracite Region of Pennsylvania. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 16(4): 761–775.
Shifflet, Crandall A. 1991 Coal Towns: Life, Work, and Culture in Company Towns of Southern Appalachia, 1880–1960. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.
Smith, Henry P. 1885 History of Broome County. D. Mason & Company, Syracuse, NY.
Stott, Richard 1996 Artisans and Capitalist Development. Journal of the Early Republic 16(2): 257–271.
Sweitz, Samuel R. 2015 Las Cadenas que más nos Encadenan son las Cadenas que Hemos Roto: Plantations Systems, Capitalist Mentalities, and the Production of Space, Place, and Identity in Historical Archaeology. In Historical Archaeologies of Capitalism, 2nd edition, M. P. Leone and J. E. Knauf, editors, pp. 295–326. Springer, New York, NY.
Taylor, George R. 1951 The Transportation Revolution. Harper & Row, New York, NY.
Thurston, Matilda 1858–1869 Diary. Manuscript, Broome County Historical Society, Binghamton, NY.
United States Bureau of the Census 1870 Ninth Census of the United States, Population and Industry, Manuscript Schedules. United States Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC. Microfilm, Broome County Historical Society, Binghamton, NY.
Vaughan, Lawrence M. 1929 Abandoned Farm Land in New York. Journal of Farm Economics 11(3): 436–444.
Walker, Mark 2003 The Ludlow Massacre: Class, Warfare, and Historical Memory in Southern Colorado. Historical Archaeology 37(3): 66–80.
Watkins Express 1864 No title. Watkins Express 5 May. Watkins Glen, NY. Microfilm, Schuyler County Historical Society, Montour Falls, NY.
Watkins Express 1866 No title. Watkins Express 25 October. Watkins Glen, NY. Microfilm, Schuyler County Historical Society, Montour Falls, NY.
Watkins Express 1870 No title. Watkins Express 11 February. Watkins Glen, NY. Microfilm, Schuyler County Historical Society, Montour Falls, NY.
Watkins Express 1874 No title. Watkins Express 7 August. Watkins Glen, NY. Microfilm, Schuyler County Historical Society, Montour Falls, NY.
Wickham, Charles E. 1884–1910 Diaries. Manuscript, Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.
Wood, Margaret C. 2002 Moving toward Transformative Democratic Action through Archaeology. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 6(3): 187–198.
Wurst, LouAnn 1993 Living Their Own History: Class, Agriculture, and Industry in a 19th Century Rural Community. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI.
Wurst, LouAnn 1999 Internalizing Class in Historical Archaeology. Historical Archaeology 33(1):7–21.
Wurst, LouAnn 2002 Mobilizing Social Labor in Nineteenth-Century Rural America: A Power Play in Three Acts. In The Dynamics of Power, M. O’Donovan, editor, pp. 88–104. Center for Archaeological Investigations and Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
Wurst, LouAnn 2015a The Historical Archaeology of Capitalist Dispossession. Capital and Class 39(1): 33–49.
Wurst, LouAnn 2015b Towards a Collective Historical Archaeology. Reviews in Anthropology 44(2): 118–138.
Wurst, LouAnn, and Stephen A. Mrozowski 2014 Toward an Archaeology of the Future. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(2): 210–223.
Wurst, LouAnn, and Christine Ridarsky 2014 The Second Time as Farce: Archaeological Reflections on the New New Deal. International Journal of Historical Archaeology 18(2): 224–241.
Zaroulis, Nancy 1976 Daughters of Freemen: The Female Operatives and the Beginning of the Labor Movement. In Cotton Was King: A History of Lowell, Massachusetts, Arthur L. Eno, Jr., editor, pp. 105–126. Lowell Historical Society, Lowell, MA.
Žižek, Slavoj 2008 Violence. Picador, London, UK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wurst, L., Mrozowski, S.A. Capitalism in Motion. Hist Arch 50, 81–99 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03377335
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03377335