Abstract
Since 1912, Arrow Rock, Missouri, has transformed itself from a small river town into a major heritage-tourism center through a grassroots historic preservation movement. The result has been that in 1963 Arrow Rock was recorded as a National Historic Landmark site, in 2006 the National Trust for Historic Preservation listed it as one of its “Dozen Distinctive Destination” sites, and in 2008 it was recognized as a “Preserve America Community.” Like many historic towns, Arrow Rock’s preservation and interpretation focused initially on its “white, male, and rich” heritage, ignoring the majority of its past citizens. Beginning in 1996, Arrow Rock has utilized public history and archaeology to develop new interpretive programs that address its African American heritage and that attempt to engage this previously marginalized descendant community.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Association of State and Local History (AASLH) 2008 Leadership in History Awards. American Association of State and Local History, Nashville, TN >http://www.aaslh.org<. Accessed 21 September 2009.
Arrow Rock Lyceum Theatre 2008 If Walls Could Speak. Arrow Rock Lyceum Theatre, Arrow Rock, MO >http://www.lyceumtheatre.org<. Accessed 21 September 2009.
Arrow Rock Statesman 1912 Arrow Rock Street Fair—Two Big Days and the Dedication of the Santa Fe Trail Marker, Friday—August 30 and 31—Saturday. Arrow Rock Statesman 23 August:4. Arrow Rock, MO.
Baumann, Timothy 2001 “Because That’s Where My Roots Are”: Searching for Patterns of African-American Ethnicity in Arrow Rock, Missouri. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI.
2005a Searching for Sibley’s Fort. Missouri Archaeological Society Quarterly 22(2):12–16.
2005b Historical Archaeology in Arrow Rock, Missouri. Missouri Archaeologist 66:19–39.
2005c Prairie Park Plantation: An Archaeological and Architectural Study of a Frame Slave Quarters. Paper presented at the 51st Meeting of the Midwest Archaeological Conference, Dayton, OH.
2010 The Web of Cultural Identity: A Case Study of African-American Identity and “Soul Food.” In Pottery, Passages, Postholes, and Porcelain: Essays in Honor of Charles H. Faulkner, Timothy E. Baumann and Mark D. Groover, editors, pp. 211–238. Report of Investigation No. 53, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Occasional Paper No. 22, Frank H. McClung Museum, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Baumann, Timothy, Valerie Altizer, Andrew Hurley, and Victoria Love 2009 “Elephant in the Room”: Addressing Controversial History in Scott Joplin’s Neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Paper presented at the 42nd Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Toronto, ON.
Baumann, Timothy, Brett Rogers, and J. Alex Miller 2003 Oak Grove: A Plantation Study in Missouri’s Little Dixie. Paper presented at the 49th Meeting of the Midwest Archaeological Conference, Milwaukee, WI.
Baumann, Timothy, and James Wettstaed 2005 History of HistoricalArchaeology in Missouri. Missouri Archaeologist 66:1–18.
Beachum, Larry M. 1982 William Becknell: Father of the Santa Fe Trail. Texas Western Press, El Paso.
Beasley, Ellen, Friends of Arrow Rock, Inc., Arrow Rock Board of Trustees, and Arrow Rock Board of Architectural Review 2005 Design Guidelinesfor Historic Arrow Rock, Missouri. Town of Arrow Rock, MO.
Bower, Anne (editor) 2008 African-American Foodways: Explorations of History and Culture. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Bray, Robert. T. 1967a Archaeological Investigations at the Sites Gun Shop (1846–1902). Report to the Friends of Arrow Rock, Inc., Arrow Rock, MO, from American Archaeology Division, Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia.
1967b Activities in HistoricalArchaeology in 1967: Missouri. Historical Archaeology 1:84–85.
Caldwell, Dorothy J. 1968 Missouri’s National Historic Landmarks: Village of Arrow Rock and George Caleb Bingham Home. Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
Chappell, Edward A. 1999 Museums and American Slavery. In “I, Too, Am America Archaeological Studies of African-American Life, Theresa A. Singleton, editor, pp. 240–260. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville.
Cheek, Charles D., and Amy Friedlander 1990 Pottery and Pig’s Feet: Space, Ethnicity, and Neighborhood in Washington, D.C., 1880–1940. Historical Archaeology 24(1):34–60.
Conway, Thelma 1997 Interview by Gary Kremer, 17 June. Manuscript and audio tape, Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
D’Anville, Jean B. B. 1752 Carte de la Louisiane (Map of Louisiana). Jean B. B. D’Anville, Paris, France. David Rumsey HistoricalMap Collection, Fairfield, IA >http://www.davidrumsey.com<. Accessed 21 September 2009.
Dickey, Michael 2004 Arrow Rock: Crossroads of the Missouri Frontier. Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
2008 Arrow Rock State Historic Site: Interpretation Plan. Manuscript, Division of State Parks, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City.
Dickey, Michael, Timothy Baumann, and Thomas Hall III 2008 Guns Along the Santa Fe Trail: The John Sites Gunsmith Shop in Arrow Rock, Missouri. Paper presented at the 41st Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM.
Edwards-Ingram, Ywone 1997 Toward “True Acts of Inclusion”: The “Here” and the “Out There” Concepts in Public Archaeology. Historical Archaeology 31(3):27–35.
Eichstedt, Jennifer L., and Stephen Small 2002 Representations of Slavery: Race and Ideology in Southern Plantation Museums. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Fisher, Virginia Lee, James Kennedy, Pat Kennedy, and David Perkins 1988 Arrow Rock Places: Arrow Rock, Missouri, a National Historic Landmark. Historic Arrow Rock Council, Arrow Rock, MO.
Foley, William E. 2006 Wilderness Journey: The Life of William Clark. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
Franklin, Maria 2001 The Archaeological Dimensions of Soul Food: Interpreting Race, Culture, and Afro-Virginian Identity. In Race and the Archaeology of Identity, Charles E. Orser, Jr., editor, pp. 88–107. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
Friends of Pennytown 2009 Pennytown Church: An Historic Black Hamlet. Friends of Pennytown, Marshall, MO >http://www.PennytownChurch.com<. Accessed 21 September 2009.
Greene, Lorenzo J., Kremer, Gary R., and Antonio F. Holland 1993 Missouri’s Black Heritage. Revised from 1980 edition, University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
Gregg, Kate L. 1938a The War of 1812 on the Missouri Frontier, Part I. Missouri Historical Review 33(1):3–22.
1938b The War of 1812 on the Missouri Frontier, Part II. Missouri Historical Review 33(2):184–202.
1939a The War of 1812 on the Missouri Frontier, Part III. Missouri Historical Review 33(3):326–348.
1939b Sibley’s Post at Arrow Rock during 1813–1814. Missouri Historical Review 34(1):140–142.
1940 The History of Fort Osage. Missouri Historical Review 34(4):439–488.
Gregg, Kate L. (editor) 1937 Westward with Dragoons: The Journal of William Clark on His Expedition to Establish Fort Osage, August 25 to September 22, 1808. Ovid Bell Press, Fulton, MO. Reprinted 2007 by Kessinger Publishing, Whitefish, MT.
Groover, Mark D., and Timothy E. Baumann 1996 “They Worked Their Own Remedy”: African-American Herbal Medicine and the Archaeological Record. South Carolina Antiquities 28(1&2):21–32.
Habernal, Teresa 1997 Interview by Gary Kremer, 16 June. Manuscript and audio tape, Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
Hall, Thomas B., Jr. 1969 Two Missouri Gunsmiths of the Boonslick Area: John P. Sites, Sr. 1784–1853, John P. Sites, Jr. 1821–1904. Muzzle Blasts July:19–23.
Hall, Thomas B., Jr., and Thomas B. Hall III 1986 Dr. John Sappington of Saline County Missouri, 1776–1856. Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
Hall, Thomas B. III 2002 Wallace Gusler on the Development of the American Longrifle: A Summary. Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO >http://www.friendsar.org<. Accessed 1 August 2009.
Hamilton, Jean Tyree 1972 Arrow Rock: Where Wheels Started West. Revised from 1963 edition. Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
Historic American Buildings Survey 1940 Postcard of Huston Tavern in Arrow Rock, Missouri, Before Restoration by D.A.R. in 1925. Lester Jones, Photographer, HABS MO, 98-ARORO, 2-1, Historic American Buildings Survey, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Historic Arrow Rock Council (HARO) 2008a HARC Welcomes You to Arrow Rock. Historic Arrow Rock Council, Arrow Rock, MO >http://www.arrowrockarts.org/<. Accessed 2 September 2009.
2008b The 40th Annual Arrow Rock Heritage Craft Festival. Historic Arrow Rock Council, Arrow Rock, MO >http://www.arrowrockarts.org<. Accessed 2 September 2009.
Houck, Louis 1908 A History of Missouri from the Earliest Explorations and Settlements until the Admission of the State into the Union. R. R. Donnelley & Sons, Chicago, IL.
Humphrey, Herman 1828 Parallel Between Intemperance and the Slave Trade. J. S. and C. Adams, Amherst, MA.
Hurt, R. Douglas 1992 Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri’s Little Dixie. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
Huston, Dorothy Curran (editor) 1965 Arrow Rock Cookbook. Kelly Press, Columbia, MO.
Kremer, Gary R., and Amber M. Hoaglin 1997 Arrow Rock’s African-American History: Giving Voice to an Unheard Past. Report to the Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO, from William Woods University, Fulton, MO.
Kremer, Gary R., and Lynn Morrow 1990 Pennytown: A Freedmen’s Hamlet, 1871–1945. Missouri Folklore Society Journal 11&12:77–92.
Mackey, Albert G. 1914 An Encyclopedia of Freemasonry and Its Kindred Sciences. The Masonic History Company, New York, NY. Reprinted 1991 by Kessinger Publishing, Whitefish, MT.
Marshall, Howard W. 1981 Folk Architecture in Little Dixie: A Regional Culture in Missouri. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
Mason, Roger 1984 Euro-American Pioneer Settlement Systems in the Central Salt River Valley of Northeast Missouri. University of Missouri, Department of Anthropology, American Archaeology Division, Publications in Archaeology, No. 2. Columbia.
McDavid, Carol 1997 Descendants, Decisions, and Power: The Public Interpretation of the Archaeology of Levi Jordan Plantation. Historical Archaeology 31(3):114—131.
Missouri Alliance for Historic Preservation (MAHP) 2006 2006 Awards. Missouri Alliance for Historic Preservation, Columbia, MO. >http://www.preservemo.org<. Accessed 15 August 2009.
Missouri Department of Natural Resources 2001 Arrow Rock: Frontier Town in Boone’s Lick Country. Division of State Parks, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Jefferson City.
Morrow, Lynn 1995 Dr. John Sappington: Southern Patriarch in the New West. Missouri Historical Review 90(1):1–22.
Nagel, Paul C. 2005 George Caleb Bingham: Missouri’s Famed Artist and Forgotten Politician. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) 2005 NEH Announces “Landmarks of American History” Grants: National K-12 Teacher Workshops Offered at 15 U.S. Historic Sites. National Endowment for the Humanities, Washington, DC >http://www.neh.gov<. Accessed 21 September 2009.
National Trust for Historic Preservation 2008 Dozen Distinctive Destinations. National Trust for Historic Preservation, Washington, DC >http://www2.preservationnation.org<. Accessed 15 August 2009.
Newton, Milton, Jr. 1974 Cultural Preadaptation and the Upland South. Geoscience and Man 5:143–157.
Northwest Publishing Company 1896 Plat Book of Saline County, Missouri. Northwest Publishing Company, Philadelphia, PA.
Orser, Charles E., Jr. 1994 The Archaeology of African-American Slave Religion in the Antebellum South. Cambridge Archaeological Review Journal 4(1)33–45.
Pheiffer, Abigail, Leah Gallo, and Shane Epping (editors) 2008 Arrow Rock: Where the Past is the Future. School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia.
Phillips, Authorene Wilson 2005 Arrow Rock: The Story ofaMissouri Village. University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
Preserve America 2008 Preserve America Communities and Neighborhoods. Preserve America, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Washington, DC.
Prouse, Marcia Joy (editor) 1981 Arrow Rock: 20th-Century Frontier Town. School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia.
Rainey, Thomas C. 1914 Along the Old Trail: Pioneer Sketches of Arrow Rock and its Vicinity. Marshall Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Marshall, MO. Reprinted 1971 by the Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
Rash, Nancy 1991 The Painting and Politics of George Caleb Bingham. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Rucker, Booker H. 1963 A Project in Historic Archaeology: The Bingham House. Report to Missouri State Parks, Jefferson City, from American Archaeology Division, Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia.
Samford, Patricia 1844 The Archaeology of African-American Slavery and Material Culture. William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 53(1):87–114.
Sappington, John 1844 The Theory and Treatment of Fevers. John Sappington, Saline County, MO, Reprinted 1971 by the Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO.
Shapiro, Michael Edward, Barbara Groseclose, Elizabeth Johns, Paul C. Nagel, and John Wilmerding 1990 George Caleb Bingham. St. Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO, and Harry N. Abrams, New York, NY.
Singleton, Theresa A. 1997 Facing the Challenges of a Public African-American Archaeology. Historical Archaeology 31(3):146–152.
Stine, Linda F., Melanie A. Cabak, and Mark D. Groover 1996 Blue Beads as African-American Cultural Symbols. Historical Archaeology 30(3):49–75.
Stubbs, Sue 1990 The Life and Times of John Sites. Friends of Arrow Rock, Arrow Rock, MO >http://www.friendsar.org<. Accessed 1 August 2009.
Swanson, Henry 1985 Arrow Rock, Mo., Lyceum Theatre: The First Seasons, 1961–1979. In An Illusory Contract: A Monograph on a Point of View for Theatre Production, Henry Swanson, editor, Appendix C, pp. 1–22. Henry Swanson, Memphis, TN.
Town of Arrow Rock 1847 Creating Slave Patrols in Arrow Rock, MO, 23 December. In Records of the Town of Arrow Rock, 1840–1875, transcribed 1960 by Jean Tyree Hamilton. Arrow Rock State Historic Site, Arrow Rock, MO.
Van Ravenswaay, Charles 1959 Arrow Rock: The Story of a Town, Its People, and Its Tavern. Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society 15(3):203–223.
Whitehead, Tony L. 1992 In Search of Soul Food and Meaning: Culture, Food, and Health. In African Americans in the South: Issues of Race, Class, and Gender, Hans A. Baer and Yvonne Jones, editors, pp. 94–110. University of Georgia Press, Athens.
Wilkie, Laurie 1995 Magic and Empowerment on the Plantation: An Archaeological Consideration of African-American Worldview. Southeastern Archaeology 14(2): 136–148.
1997 Secret and Sacred: Contextualizing the Artifacts of African-American Magic and Religion. Historical Archaeology 31(4):81–106.
2000 Creating Freedom: Material Culture and African-American Identity at Oakley Plantation, Louisiana, 1840–1950. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge.
Young, Amy L. 1995 Risk and Material Conditions of African-American Slaves at Locust Grove: An Archaeological Perspective. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI.
1996 Archaeological Evidence of African-Styled Ritual and Healing Practices in the Upland South. Tennessee Anthropologist 21(2):139–155.
1997 Cellars and African-American Slave Sites: New Data from an Upland South Plantation. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 22(1):95–115.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baumann, T.E. An Historical Perspective of Civic Engagement and Interpreting Cultural Diversity in Arrow Rock, Missouri. Hist Arch 45, 114–134 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03376824
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03376824