Skip to main content
Log in

Historical archaeology in sub-Saharan Africa—A review

  • Article
  • Published:
Historical Archaeology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Relatively few historical archaeology projects have been carried out in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet the area presents a wide variety of research potentialities from both historical and theoretical viewpoints. Various definitions of historical archaeology and their application to Africa are examined, and the research undertaken thus far is reviewed. Previous work has largely focused on the larger fortified sites of 15th to 19th century European construction. On the East African Coast archaeolological fieldwork has also been carried out on Islamic sites where limited documentation is provided by Arabic writings. Directions for future research are discussed, including the possibility of examining the socio—cultural background of the African diaspora. Particular stress is placed on the necessity for intensified regional studies, cognizant of the contacts between well documented historical sites and the villages and resource areas with which they interacted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abrahams, Gabbebah 1984 The Development of Historical Archaeology at the Cape, South Africa. Bulletin of the South African Cultural History Museum 5:20–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atherton, John Harvey 1983 Ethnoarchaeology in Africa. The African Archaeological Review 1:75–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auret, C. H. N. 1977 Preliminary Notes on the Msikaba Wreck Site. Africana Notes and News 22(6):231–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auret, Chris and Tim Maggs 1982 The Great Ship São Bento: Remains From a mid-Sixteenth Century Portuguese Wreck on the Pondoland Coast. Annals of the Natal Museum 25(1):1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessac, H. 1952 L’emplacement des Forts de Portendick. Notes Africaines 54:50–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bessac, H. and P.-L. Dfkeyser 1951 Les Ruines du Fort de Merinaghen en Marge de la Mise en Valeur du Senegal de 1817 a 1854. Notes Africaines 49:18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvocoressi, David 1977 Excavations at Bantama, Near Elmina, Ghana. West African Journal of Archaeology 7:117–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chittick, Neville 1975 Kilwa: an Islamic Trading City on the East African Coast. Thames and Hudson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1984 Mande: Excavations at an island Port on the Kenya Coast. Thames and Hudson, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. Desmond 1967 The Portuguese Settlement at Feira. The Northern Rhodesian Journal 6:275–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deacon, Janette 1984 Editorial. South African Archaeological Bulletin, 39(139):3–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, James 1977 In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life. Anchor Books Doubleday, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dike, K. Onwuka 1956 Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehret, Christopher and Merrick Posnansky (editors) 1982 The Archaeological and Linguistic Reconstruction of African History. University of California Press, Los Angeles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garlake, P. S. 1967 Seventeenth Century Portuguese Earthworks in Rhodesia. South African Archaeological Bulletin 21(4):157–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1970 Excavations at the Seventeenth Century Portuguese Site of Dambarare, Rhodesia. Transactions of the Rhodesia Scientific Association 54(1):23–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goucher, Candice L. 1981 Iron is Iron ’Til it is Rusts: Trade and Ecology in the Decline of West African Iron-Smelting. Journal of African History 22(1):179–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imperial College 1966 Final Report of the Imperial College Uganda Expedition. Mimeographed. Imperial College Exploration Board, Imperial College, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeppesen Af Henrik 1966 Danske plantageanlaeg pa Guildkysten 1788–1850. Kobenhavns Universitets Geografiske Institute, Publikation nr. 91.

  • Kirkman, James S. 1957 Historical Archaeology in Kenya 1948–1956. The Antiquaries Journal 37:16–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1972a The Mombasa Frigate. Kenya Past and Present 1 (2):25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1972b The Portuguese Wreck off Mombasa, Kenya. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 1:153–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1974 Fort Jesus: A Portuguese Fortress on the East African Coast. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlands, B. W. 1967 The Chronicle of Dufile, Uganda Museum Occassional Papers 11, Kampala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, A. W. 1963 Trade Castles and Forts of West Africa. Jonathan Cape, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levtzion, Nehemia and J. F. P.Hopkins (eds.) 1981 Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lightley, Robert Allen 1976 An 18th Century Dutch East Indiaman, Found at Cape Town, 1971. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 5(4):305–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, A. T., and J. E. G.Sutton 1965 The role of forts in safeguarding the Uganda Road. Uganda Journal 29(2):163–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauny, Raymond 1967 Bibliographie de la Prehistoire et de la Protohistoire de l’Ouest Africain. Bulletin de l’IFAN, series B 29.

  • Miller, Joseph C. (ed.) 1980 The African Past Speaks. Dawsons and Sons, Hamdem Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, K. C. 1966 A List of Sites, Buildings etc. in Nigeria Declared as Monuments Under the Antiquities Act. West African Archaeological Newsletter 4:31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newitt, M. D. D. and P. S. Garlake 1967 The ‘Aringa’ at Massangano. Journal of African History 8:133–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunoo, R. B. 1972 A Note on the Scheduling of Monuments in Ghana. West African Journal of Archaeology 2:119–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkington, John and Mike Cronin 1979 The size and Layout of Mgungundlovu 1829–1838. South African Archaeological Society: Goodwin Series 3:133–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peal, W. J. 1963 The Kampala to Bombo Railway. Uganda Journal 27:61–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillipson, D. W. 1972 Kasoko, a Portuguese Entrepot in the Middle Zambezi Valley. Zambia Museums Journal 3:35–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piercy, R. C. M. 1977 Mombasa Wreck Excavation: Preliminary Report, 1977. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 6(4):331–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1978 Mombasa Wreck Excavation: Second Preliminary Report. 1978. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 7(4):301–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1979 Mombasa Wreck Excavation: Third Preliminary Report, 1979. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 8(4):303–09.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1981 Mombasa Wreck Excavation: Fourth Preliminary Report, 1980. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 10(2):109–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pole, L. M. 1982 Decline or Survival? Iron Production in West Africa From the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries. Journal of African History 23:503–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posnansky, Merrick 1982 African Archaeology Comes of Age. World Archaeology 13:345–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 1983 Towards an Archaeology of the Black Diaspora. Proceedings of the Ninth International Congress for the Study of the Pre-Columbian Cultures of the Lesser Antilles, Santa Domingo 1981. Centre de Researches Caraibes, University of Montreal.

  • Posnansky, Merrick and Albert Van Dantzig 1976 Fort Ruychaver rediscovered. Sankofa 2:7–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potgieter, Suzanne and Gabebah Abrahams 1984 Gouda Clay Pipes From Excavated Historical Sites in Cape Town. Bulletin of the South African Cultural History Museum 5:42–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sassoon, Hamo 1981 Ceramics From the Wreck of a Portuguese Ship at Mombasa. Azania 16:97–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, Peter 1977 Historical Archaeology: A Structural Approach in an African Culture. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1983 An Alternative to a Strictly Materialist Perspective: A Review of Historical Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, and Symbolic Approaches in African Archaeology. American Antiquity 48(1):62–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuyler, Robert (editor) 1978 Historical Archaeology: A Guide to Substantive and Theoretical Contributions. Baywood Publishing Co., Farmingdale, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds, Doig 1973 A Note on the Excavations in Cape Coast Castle. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 14(2):267–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • South, Stanley 1977 Method and Theory in Historical Archaeology. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sténuit, Robert 1975 The Treasure of Porto Santo. National Geographic 148(2):260–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1978 The Sunken Treasure of St. Helena. National Geographic 154(4):562–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, I. F. 1963 Baker’s Fort at Patiko. Uganda Journal 28(2):195–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unesco 1983 Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara. World Cultural Heritage Information Bulletin 21–22:15–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1984 Gorée, Historic Island. World Cultural Heritage Information Bulletin 23–24:28–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Pijl-Ketel, C. L. (ed.) 1982 The Ceramic Load of the ‘Witte Leeuw.’ Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dantzig, Albert 1972 A Note on Fort “Batenstein” and Butri. Ghana Notes and Queries 12:16–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1980 Forts and Castles of Ghana. Sedco, Accra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vos, H. N. 1981 Excavating Our Colonial Past: Some Recent Discoveries. Southern African Museums Association Bulletin 14(8):354–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, Iain C. 1975 The Potential Age of European Clay Tobacco Pipes in West African Archaeological Research. West African Journal of Archaeology 5:165–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warmer Jean Pierre and Ian 1979 A Nineteenth-Century Ruhr in Central Africa. Africa 49(4):329–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, W. Raymond 1967 An Archaeological Appraisal of Early European Settlement in the Senegambia. Journal of African History 8:39–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Posnansky, M., Decorse, C.R. Historical archaeology in sub-Saharan Africa—A review. Hist Arch 20, 1–14 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03374057

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03374057

Keywords

Navigation