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Leistungsbeeinträchtigung durch visuelle Doppelbelastung bei der Fahrzeugführung

Diminution des performances par une contrainte visuelle secondaire lors de la conduite de véhicule

Performance impairment caused by a secondary visual task during driving

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Zusammenfassung

Die Interaktion mit elektronischen Systemen in Fahrzeugen führt zu einer potentiellen Beeinträchtigung der Verkehrssicherheit durch die Engpasswirkung des visuellen Systems. In einer Simulatorstudie wurde der Einfluss einer gleichzeitigen visuellen Fokussierung auf eine zweite Informationsquelle mit unterschiedlichem Versatz zur Sicht nach außen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Spurführungsleistung mit zunehmendem Versatz der zweiten Informationsquelle signifi-kant verringert, und dass ein horizontaler Versatz geringfügig kleinere Einbußen zur Folge hat als ein vertikaler. Generell ist jedoch ein Leistungseinbruch von mindestens 66% bereits bei sehr kleinem Versatz zwischen beiden Informationsquellen zu verzeichnen. Dies deutet auf Engpasseffekte bei der visuellen Mustererkennung und der situativen Verarbeitung hin. Die Augenakkommodation spielt demgegenüber keine signifikante Rolle.

Résumé

L’interaction de systèmes électroniques dans les véhicules conduit à une atteinte potentielle au niveau de la sécurité routière due à un effet d’étranglement du système visuel. Dans une étude de simulateur, l’influence d’une mise au point visuelle simultanée sur une deuxième source d’information avec déplacement différent a été analysée; et ce pour le regard porté vers l’extérieur. Les résultats montrent que la performance de conduite sur une bande de circulation diminue de manière significative lors d’un déplacement croissant de la deuxième source d’information. Un déplacement horizontal entraine une moindre diminution qu’un déplacement vertical. L’accommodation de l’oeil ne joue en revanche pas de rôle significatif. En général, une diminution de performance d’au moins 66 % est constatée lors de déplacements minimes entre les deux sources d’information. Cela signifie un effet d’étranglement au niveau de la reconnaissance visuelle des formes et du traitement de la situation.

Abstract

The increasing number of secondary devices used in all types of vehicles raises the question, to which extent their usage during driving implies a significant distraction from attention to traffic and thus impairs driving safety. Visually interacting with a device while at the same time observing the traffic situation will overload the single visual perception resource. This conflict has to be met by the driver either trying to acquire the traffic situation by peripheral view or by alternating the focus between both stimuli. Alternation between stimuli may reduce absolute performance due to the repeated transition between the different focus areas, but may reduce safety risks due to the limited duration of absent focus from traffic. From a design perspective, the displacement between the interior information source and the external traffic will affect the ability to observe both information sources simultaneously as well as the transition loss when alternating between the both sources, although both effects are very different in nature and the alternation behaviour further depends on interaction design and individual safety preferences.

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Correspondence to Matthias Göbel.

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Göbel, M., Treugut, F. Leistungsbeeinträchtigung durch visuelle Doppelbelastung bei der Fahrzeugführung. Z. Arb. Wiss. 66, 183–193 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03373873

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03373873

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