Skip to main content
Log in

Creolization and late nineteenth century Métis vernacular log architecture on the South Saskatchewan River

  • Article
  • Published:
Historical Archaeology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The ethnogenesis of Métis peoples of the western Canadian plains and parklands involved a creolizing process in which cultural traits from many different groups were adopted. An analysis of Métis vernacular log architecture on the South Saskatchewan River illustrates this clearly with individual building components derived from a number of different sources. These structural features are likened to the words of Michif, the Métis language, and their analysis informs upon Métis history and cultural interactions. The final building form, however, can be understood only through the grammar by which it was constructed. This grammar is configured by a Métis worldview that is organic and unbounded. The applicability of a linguistic analogy for the study of creolization is emphasized throughout.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bakker, Peter 1997 Language of Our Own: The Genesis of Michif, the Mixed Cree-French Language of the Canadian Métis. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, Stewart 1980 Wintering Villages of the Métis Hivernants: Documentary and Archaeological Evidences. In The Métis and the Land in Alberta, Land Claims Research Project, 1979–1980, pp. 89–139. Métis Association of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brasser, Ted J. 1985 In Search of Métis Art. In The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America, Jacqueline Peterson and Jennifer Brown, editors, pp. 221–230. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Jennifer S. H. 1988 The Métis. In Canadian Encyclopedia, pp. 1343–1346. Hurtig Publishers, Edmonton, Alberta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burley, David V. 1989 Function, Meaning and Context: Ambiguities in Ceramic Use by the Hivernant Métis of the Northwestern Plains. Historical Archaeology, 23(1):97–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burley, David V., and Gayle Horsfall 1989 Vernacular Houses and Farmsteads of the Canadian Métis. Journal of Cultural Geography, 10(1): 19–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burley, David V., Gayle Horsfall, and John Brandon 1992 Structural Considerations of Métis Ethnicity: An Archaeological, Architectural and Historical Study. University of South Dakota Press, Vermillion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commonwealth Historic Resource Management Limited 1985 Historic Building Technology of Métis Communities. Manuscript, Parks Canada, Prairie Region, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

  • Crawford, John C. 1983 Introduction. In The Michif Dictionary: Turtle Mountain Chippewa Cree, by Laverdure, Patline and Ida Rose Allard, pp. i–x. Pemmican Publications, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1985 What is Michif?: Language in the Métis Tradition. In The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America, Jacqueline Peterson and Jennifer Brown, editors, pp. 231–242. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deetz, James 1977 In Small Things Forgotten: The Archeology of Early American Life. Doubleday, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1978 Cognitive Historical Model for American Material Culture: 1620–1835. In Historical Archaeology: A Guide to Substantive and Theoretical Contributions, Robert L. Schuyler, editor, pp. 284–286. Baywood Publishing, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickason, Olive P. 1985 From “One Nation” in the Northeast to “New Nation” in the Northwest: A Look at the Emergence of the Métis. In The New Peoples: Being and Becoming Métis in North America, Jacqueline Peterson and Jennifer Brown, editors, pp. 19–36. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doll, Maurice, Robert Kidd, and John Day 1988 The Buffalo Lake Métis Site: A Late Nineteenth Century Settlement in the Parkland of Central Alberta. Occasional Paper, No. 4, Human History Series. Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton.

  • Elliott, Jack 1972 Tobacco Pipes Among the Hivernant Hide Hunters: A.D. 1860–1882. Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology, 3(1): 146–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, Leland 1992 Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Early African America, 1650–1800. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giraud, Marcel 1945 Le Métis Canadien, son Role dans L’histoire des Provinces de L’ouest. Institut d’Ethnologie, Paris, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glassie, Henry 1975 Folk Housing in Middle Virginia: A Structural Analysis of Historical Artifacts. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kooyman, Brian 1981 Métis Faunal Remains and Variables in Archaeological Butchering Pattern Analysis. Master’s thesis, Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papen, Robert A. 1987 Le Métif: Le Nec Plus Ultra des Grammaires en Contact. Revue Québecoise de Linguistique Théorique et Appliquée, 6(2):57–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powter, Andrew 1977 Métis Log Buildings in Saskatchewan. Manuscript, Engineering and Architecture Branch, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, Ottawa, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Remple, John I. 1980 Building With Wood and Other Aspects of Nineteenth Century Building in Central Canada. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, George F. 1961 The Birth of Western Canada: A History of the Riel Rebellions, reprint of 1936 edition. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, Jill 1971 Log Construction at Red River. Canadian Antiques Collector, 6 (Nov/Dec):36–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wonders, William 1979 Log Dwellings in Canadian Folk Architecture. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69:187–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Burley, D. Creolization and late nineteenth century Métis vernacular log architecture on the South Saskatchewan River. Hist Arch 34, 27–35 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03373639

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03373639

Navigation