Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Inter-Organisationale Ausgestaltung der Entscheidungszentralisierung und produktive Effizienz: Eine empirische Analyse am Beispiel des Franchising

  • Published:
Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Beziehung zwischen der Zentralisierung von Entscheidungsmacht und der produktiven Effizienz von Business-Format-Franchisenetzwerken. Auf Grundlage einer Stichprobe von 83 deutschen Systemen erfolgen mithilfe der Data Envelopment Analysis zunächst konkrete Effizienzmessungen. Hierauf aufbauend zeigt sich ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Zentralisierungsgrad und Netzwerkeffizienz. Weitgehend konsistent mit Vorhersagen der positiven Agency-Theorie finden sich Hinweise darauf, dass die Intensität dieses Zusammenhangs durch die Verteilung spezifischer Wissensressourcen und durch den Einsatz von Anreizmechanismen bestimmt wird.

Summary

To further our understanding of how the assignment of decision authority between partnering firms affects performance, we empirically test the relationship between centralization and productive efficiency in franchise chains. Adopting the contingency framework of the positive agency theory, we argue that the effect of centralization on productive efficiency is moderated by (1) the distribution of specific knowledge assets between the parent company and its franchisees as well as by (2) the provision of incentives to motivate franchisor effort. Estimating productive efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis, we test our hypotheses on a sample of 83 business-format franchisors operating in Germany. The results provide partial support for our predictions. Implications for research and practice are provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Altmann, Ferdinand W. (1996), Stabilität vertraglicher Kooperationsverhältnisse im Franchising: Eine institutionenökonomische Analyse, Frankfurt am Main.

  • Arruñada, Benito/Garicano, Luis/Vázquez, Luis (2001), Contractual Allocation of Decision Rights and Incentives: The Case of Automobile Distribution, in: Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, Vol. 17, S. 257–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azoulay, Pierre/Shane, Scott (2001), Entrepreneurs, Contracts, and the Failure of Young Firms, in: Management Science, Vol. 47, S. 337–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banker, Rajiv D./Charnes, Abraham/Cooper, William W. (1984), Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis, in: Management Science, Vol. 30, S. 1078–1092.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barros, Carlos P./Alves, Carlos A. (2003), Hypermarket Retail Store Efficiency in Portugal, in: International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 31, S. 549–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, Robert J./Wally, Stefan (2003), Strategic Decision Speed and Firm Performance, in: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, S. 1107–1129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonus, Holger (1986), The Cooperative Association as a Business Enterprise: A Study in the Economics of Transactions, in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft), Vol. 142, S. 310–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonus, Holger (1999), Genossenschaften und Franchising, in: Nebel, Jürgen/Schulz, Albrecht/Wessels, Andrea M. (Hrsg.), Das Franchise-System. Handbuch für Franchisegeber und Franchisenehmer, Neuwied, S. 481–490.

  • Bradach, Jeffrey L. (1997), Using the Plural Form in the Management of Restaurant Chains, in: Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 42, S. 276–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradach, Jeffrey L. (1998), Franchise Organizations, Boston.

  • Buzzell, Robert D. (1968), Can You Standardize Multinational Marketing?, in: Harvard Business Review, Vol. 46, S. 102–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, Alfred D. (1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise, Cambridge.

  • Charnes, Abraham/Cooper, William W./Rhodes, Edwardo L. (1978), Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units, in: European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 2, S. 429–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charreaux, Gérard (2002), Positive Agency Theory: Place and Contributions, in: Brousseau Eric/Glachant, Jean-Michel (Hrsg.), The Economics of Contracts: Theories and Applications, Cambridge, S. 251–270.

  • Cochet, Olivier/Ehrmann, Thomas (2007), Preliminary Evidence on the Appointment of Institutional Solutions to Franchisor Moral Hazard: The Case of Franchisee Councils, in: Managerial & Decision Economics, Vol. 28, S. 41–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coelli, Tim/Rao, Prassada D.S./Battese, George E. (1998), An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, Boston.

  • Conlon, Donald E./Morgeson, Frederick P./McNamara, Gerry/Wisemann, Robert M./Skilton, Paul F. (2006), Examining the Impact and Role of Special Issue and Regular Journal Articles in the Field of Management, in: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, S. 857–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daft, Richard L. (1989), Organization Theory and Design, St. Paul.

  • Deutscher Franchise-Verband (2005a), www.dfv-franchise.de; Kategorie: Presse/Statistiken (letzter Zugriff: 31.03.2007).

  • Deutscher Franchise-Verband (2005b), Existenzgründung mit System — Ein Leitfaden des Deutschen Franchise-Verbands e.V., Berlin.

  • Dietl, Helmut M./Franck, Egon/Hasan, Tariq (2007), Zur Eignung der Ligagenossenschaft als Organisationsform im professionellen Teamsport — Eine modelltheoretische Untersuchung, in: zfbf, 59. Jg., S. 447–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donthu, Naveen/Yoo, Boonghee (1998), Retail Productivity Assessment Using Data Envelopment Analysis, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 74, S. 89–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durand, Rodolphe/Vargas, Vicente (2003), Ownership, Organization, and Private Firms’ Efficient Use of Resources, in: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, S. 667–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyckhoff, Harald/Allen, Katrin (1999), Theoretische Begründung einer Effizienzanalyse mittels Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), in: zfbf, 51. Jg., S. 411–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrmann, Thomas (2007), Der ehrbare Franchisegeber: Ein empirischer Beitrag, in: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, Special Issue 1/2007, S. 75–88.

  • Ehrmann, Thomas/Spranger, Georg (2005), Warum setzen Franchisesysteme Filialen und Franchisen parallel ein?, in: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, 75. Jg., S. 477–500.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrmann, Thomas/Haas, Florian (2006), Effizienz, Anreizgestaltung und Implementierung von Prozessinnovationen: eine empirische Untersuchung anhand des Desktop-Purchasing, in: zfbf, 58. Jg., S. 169–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elango, B./Fried, Vance H. (1997), Franchising Research: A Literature Review and Synthesis, in: Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 35, S. 68–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elfenbein, Daniel W./Lerner, Josh (2003), Ownership and Control Rights in Internet Portal Alliances, 1995–1999, in: RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 34, S. 356–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feinberg, Susan E./Gupta, Anil K. (2004), Knowledge Spillovers and the Assignment of R&D Responsibilities to Foreign Subsidiaries, in: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 25, S. 823–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallini, Nancy T./Lutz, Nancy A. (1992), Dual Distribution and Royalty Fees in Franchising, in: Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, Vol. 8, S. 471–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillen, David/Lall, Ashish (1997), Developing Measures of Airport Productivity and Performance: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis, in: Transportation Research, Vol. 33, S. 261–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graf, Helmut (2004), Franchise-Chancen 2005 — für Deutschland, Österreich und die Schweiz, Bonn.

  • Greene, William H. (2000), Econometric Analysis, Upper Saddle River.

  • Haas, Florian (2004), Effizienztreiber innovativer Prozesse — Anwendung der Data Envelopment Analysis am Beispiel der elektronischen C-Teile-Beschaffung, Wiesbaden.

  • Haigh, Michael S./List, John A. (2005), Do Professional Traders Exhibit Myopic Loss Aversion? An Experimental Analysis, in: Journal of Finance, Vol. 60, S. 523–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hayek, Friedrich A. (1945), The Use of Scientific Knowledge in Society, in: American Economic Review, Vol. 35, S. 519–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, Michael C. (2001), Foundations of Organizational Strategy, Cambridge.

  • Jensen, Michael C./Meckling, William H. (1976), Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure, in: Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 3, S. 305–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, Michael C./Meckling, William H. (1995), Specific and General Knowledge, and Organizational Structure, in: Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Vol. 8, verfügbar bei SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=6658 (letzter Zugriff: 16.01.2008).

  • Johnson, Bengt/Lorenz, Edward/Lundvall, Björn A. (2002), Why All This Fuss about Codified and Tacit Knowledge?, in: Industrial & Corporate Change, Vol. 11, S. 245–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, Dong I./Avolio, Bruce J. (1999), Effects of Leadership Style and Followers’ Cultural Orientation on Performance in Group and Individual Task Conditions, in: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 42, S. 208–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kacker, Madhav (1988), International Flow of Retailing Know-How: Bridging the Technology Gap in Distribution, in: Journal of Retailing, Vol. 64, S. 41–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufmann, Patrick J./Eroglu, Sevgin (1999), Standardization and Adaptation in Business-Format Franchising, in: Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 14, S. 69–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, Ulrich (2004), Franchise-CD 2004 — Euro Edition, Lohmar.

  • Lafontaine, Francine (1992), Agency Theory and Franchising: Some Empirical Results, in: RAND Journal of Economics, Vol. 23, S. 263–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lal, Rajiv (1990), Improving Channel Coordination through Franchising, in: Marketing Science, Vol. 9, S. 299–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, Josh/Merges, Robert P. (1998), The Control of Technology Alliances: An Empirical Analysis of the Biotechnology Industry, in: Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 46, S. 125–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutz, Nancy A. (1995), Ownership Rights and Incentives in Franchising, in: Journal of Corporate Finance, Vol. 2, S. 103–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, Steven C. (1996), To Franchise or Not to Franchise: An Analysis of Decision Rights and Organizational Form Shares, in: Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 11, S. 57–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagar, Venky (2002), Delegation and Incentive Compensation, in: Accounting Review, Vol. 77, S. 379–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peckert, Felix/Kiewitt Antje/Klapperich, Joachim/Schindler, Uwe (2005), Franchise und Kooperation 2005, Frankfurt am Main.

  • Pénard, Thierry/Raynaud, Emmanuel/Saussier, Stéphane (2003), Dual Distribution and Royalty Rates in Franchised Chains: An Empirical Analysis Using French Data, in: Journal of Marketing Channels, Vol. 10, S. 5–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Picot, Arnold/Dietl, Helmut/Franck, Egon (1999), Organisation: Eine ökonomische Perspektive, 2. Aufl., Stuttgart.

  • Picot, Arnold/Wolff, Birgitta (1995), Franchising als effiziente Vertriebsform, in: zfbf, Sonderheft 35, S. 223–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, Michael (1958), Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy, Chicago.

  • Posselt, Thorsten (1999), Das Design vertraglicher Vertriebsbeziehungen am Beispiel Franchising, in: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, 69. Jg., S. 345–375.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, Rachelle C. (2004), The Cost of Misaligned Governance in R&D Alliances, in: Journal of Law, Economics & Organization, Vol. 20, S. 484–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schefczyk, Michael (1996), Data Envelopment Analysis, in: Die Betriebswirtschaft, 56. Jg., S. 167–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schewe, Gerhard (1998), Strategie und Struktur: Eine Re-Analyse empirischer Befunde und Nicht-Befunde, Tübingen.

  • Scott, Frank A. (1995), Franchising vs. Company Ownership as a Decision Variable of the Firm, in: Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 10, S. 69–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, Kabir C. (1993), The Use of Initial Fees and Royalties in Business-Format Franchising, in: Managerial & Decision Economics, Vol. 14, S. 175–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shane, Scott (2001), Organizational Incentives and Organizational Mortality, in: Organization Science, Vol. 12, S. 136–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shane, Scott/Foo, Maw-Der (1999), New Firm Survival: Institutional Explanations for New Franchisor Mortality, in: Management Science, Vol. 45, S. 142–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shao, Benjamin B./Lin, Winston T. (2002), Technical Efficiency Analysis of Information Technology Investments: A Two-Stage Empirical Investigation, in: Information & Management, Vol. 39, S. 391–401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, Subhash/Durand, Richard/Gur-Arie, Oded (1981), Identification and Analysis of Moderator Variables, in: Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, S. 291–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simonin, Bernard L. (1999), Transfer of Marketing Know-How in International Strategic Alliances, in: Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 30, S. 463–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson, Olav/Sørensen, Jesper B. (2001), Finding the Right Mix: Franchising, Organizational Learning, and Chain Performance, in: Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, S. 713–724.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sydow, Jörg (1994), Franchisingnetzwerke — Ökonomische Analyse einer Organisationsform der Dienstleistungsproduktion und -distribution, in: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, 64. Jg., S. 95–113.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windsperger, Josef (2003), Complementarities and Substitutabilities in Franchise Contracting: Some Results from the German Franchise Sector, in: Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 7, S. 291–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windsperger, Josef (2004), Centralization of Franchising Networks: Evidence from the Austrian Franchise Sector, in: Journal of Business Research, Vol. 57, S. 1361–1369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Strategisches Management, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Leonardo-Campus 18, 48149, Münster, Deutschland

    Thomas Ehrmann &  Julian Dormann

Authors
  1. Thomas Ehrmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Julian Dormann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Ehrmann.

Additional information

Die Autoren danken dem Gutachter für vielfältige Hinweise zu früheren Versionen dieses Beitrags. Für finanzielle Unterstützung danken die Autoren der DFG.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ehrmann, T., Dormann, J. Inter-Organisationale Ausgestaltung der Entscheidungszentralisierung und produktive Effizienz: Eine empirische Analyse am Beispiel des Franchising. Schmalenbachs Z betriebswirtsch Forsch 60, 326–354 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03372797

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03372797

JEL-Classification

Keywords

Search

Navigation