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Efficacy of spiromesifen on Aceria litchii (Keifer) in relation to Cephaleuros virescens Kunze colonization on leaves of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Wirksamkeit von Spiromesifen auf Aceria litchii (Keifer) unter Berücksichtigung der Besiedelungsdichte von Cephaleuros virescens Kunze auf Blättern von Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

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Abstract

The phytophagous mite, Aceria litchii (Keifer), is one of the major pests of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Asia and Australia. By sucking on the cells of young leaves, the mites cause punctiform lesions. These are used by the parasitic alga Cephaleuros virescens Kunze to penetrate the leaf epidermis by forming a felt-like erineum. In the present study, significant positive relationships between mite density on algal infested leaves on the one hand and algal density and degree of erineum leaf cover on the other were found. In relation to these factors, the efficacy of different concentrations (0.036 g a.i. l−1, 0.072 g a.i. l−1 and 0.144 g a.i. l−1) and application frequencies (single and double) of spiromesifen, a lipid biosynthesis inhibiting agent, on the numbers of A. Litchii on litchi leaves was tested. Single spiromesifen applications significantly reduced numbers of mites per leaf by 34% at medium and by 77% at the highest concentration within 7 days after application. With double applications, numbers of mites were reduced by more than 80% at all concentrations 7 days after the second treatment. A complete elimination of A. Litchii was reached 18 days after the second application of the highest spiromesifen concentration. The degree of erineum cover and algal density did not significantly affect the efficacy of the double spiromesifen treatments, indicating that spiromesifen acts in a dose-dependent manner on A. Litchii.

Zusammenfassung

Einer der Hauptschädlinge von Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in Asien und Australien ist die phytophage Milbe Aceria litchii (Keifer), die durch das Saugen an den Zellen junger Blätter punktförmige Läsionen auf der Blattoberfläche verursacht. Diese werden von der parasitischen Alge Cephaleuros virescens Kunze als Eintrittspforten zur Penetration der Blattepidermis genutzt, wodurch ein fellartiges Erineum entsteht. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden signifikant positive Beziehungen zwischen der Milbendichte auf algeninfizierten Blättern einerseits und der Algendichte sowie dem Blattbedeckungsgrad des Erineums andererseits gefunden. Im Zusammenhang mit diesen Faktoren wurde die Wirksamkeit von Spiromesifen, einem Lipidbiosynthese hemmenden Wirkstoff, in verschiedenen Konzentrationen (0.036 g a.i. l−1, 0.072 g a.i. l−1 und 0.144 g a.i. l−1) und Applikationshäufigkeiten (ein-und zweifach) auf die Milbendichte auf Litchiblättern getestet. Innerhalb von 7 Tagen nach der einfachen Applikation wurde eine signifikante Reduktion in der Zahl der Milben pro Blatt von 34% bei der mittleren und 77% bei der höchsten Konzentration gefunden. Eine zweite Applikation reduzierte die Milbendichte bei allen Konzentrationen nach 7 Tagen um mehr als 80%. Eine vollständige Eliminierung von iA. Litchii wurde 18 Tage nach der zweiten Applikation bei der höchsten Spiromesifenkonzentration erreicht. Der Blattbedeckungsgrad des Erineums und die Algendichte hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Wirksamkeit von wiederholten Spiromesifenapplikationen, was auf eine dosisabhängige Wirkungsweise hindeutet.

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Schulte, M.J., Martin, K. & Sauerborn, J. Efficacy of spiromesifen on Aceria litchii (Keifer) in relation to Cephaleuros virescens Kunze colonization on leaves of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). J Plant Dis Prot 114, 133–137 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356721

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