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Ability of the larval ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to locate the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in bagged and bulk stored rice

Wirtsfindung des Larvalparasitoiden Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in gesacktem und geschUttetem Reis gegenUber der Reismotte Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Abstract

The potential of using Habrobracon hebetor for the inundative biological control of Corcyra cephalonica in rice stored in jute bags and in bulk was assessed. Host-finding in the situation of bag storage was tested by preparing small jute bags measuring 18 · 16 cm filled with 5 kg of un-infested rice grains. In the first experiment, 60 larvae of C. cephalonica were released into the bag. The bag was placed in an empty climatized room with an area of 12.3 m2. Sixty H. hebetor adults (sex ratio of 1 male: 2 females) were released at a distance of 1.6 m away from the jute bag. The number of H. hebetor adults that entered the jute bag was counted daily for 8 days by opening the bag and counting the parasitoids. Only 3% of the parasi- toids entered the jute bag. In a second experiment, 60 C. cephalonica larvae were placed inside a wire gauze cage within the jute bag. Ten H. hebetor adults were released into the jute bag. The bag was sealed. After 1 week the cage was removed, and the number of C. cephalonica as well as F1 generation of H. hebetor that emerged was recorded. H. hebetor was able to significantly reduce the number of C. cephalonica emerging from the bagged rice; the corrected mortality due to the parasitoid release was 92.13%. The emergence of H. hebetor progeny started on day 9 after the introduction of the parasitoids and continued until day 21.

Host-finding in the situation of bulk rice was tested in glass cylinders (50 cm height, Ø = 25 cm) containing caged larvae at horizontal depths of 7 and 14 cm. H. hebetor was able to find its host C. cephalonica in both depths; significantly more F1 H. hebetor adults emerged from hosts placed 7 cm deep. The implications of these results with respect to the suitability of H. hebetor for the biological control of C. cephalonica in bagged and bulk rice are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

p]Das Potential der Mehlmottenschlupfwespe Habrobracon hebetor für die inundative biologische Bekämpfung der Reismotte Corcyra cephalonica in Reis gelagert in Jutesäcken oder geschuttet wurde untersucht. Die Wirtsfindung bei Sacklagerung wurde mit Hilfe kleiner Jutesacke mit den Maßen 18 · 16 cm getestet, die mit 5 kg unbefallenem Reis gefüllt wurden. In einem ersten Experiment wurden sechzig Reismottenlarven in den Sack entlassen. Der Sack wurde in einen leeren Klimaraum mit einer Grundfläche von 12,3 m2 gelagert. Sechzig Imagines von H. hebetor (Geschlechterverhältnis ein Männchen zu zwei Weibchen) wurden in 1.6 m Entfernung des Sacks freigelassen. Die Anzahl H. hebetor in den Säcken wurde über 8 Tage täglich gezählt, indem die Säcke geöffnet wurden. Nur 3% der Parasitoide drangen in den Jutesack ein. In einem zweiten Experiment wurden 60 Larven von C. cephalonica gekäfigt und im Innern des Jutesacks deponiert. Zehn Imagines von H. hebetor wurden in den Sack entlassen, welcher daraufhin verschlossen wurde. Nach 1 Woche wurde der Käfig entnommen und die Anzahl geschlüpfter C. cephalonica und F1 H. hebetor gezählt. H. hebetor reduzierte signifikant die Anzahl von C. cephalonica; die korrigierte Mortalität betrug 92.13%. Der Schlupf der Nachkommen von H. hebetor begann am 9. Tag nach Freilassung und hielt bis zum 21. Tag an. Die Wirtsfindung in geschüttetem Reis wurde in Glaszylindern (Höhe 50 cm, Ø = 25 cm) getestet, in denen in 7 and 14 cm Tiefe gekäfigte Reismottenlarven eingebracht wurden. H. hebetor konnte die Wirte in beiden Tiefen erreichen; signifikant mehr F1 H. hebetor schlüpften von Wirten in 7 cm Tiefe. Die Bedeutung der Ergebnisse für die Eignung von H. hebetor für die biologische Bekämpfung der Reismotte in geschüttetem und gesacktem Reis wird diskutiert.

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Adarkwah, C., Büttner, C., Reichmuth, C. et al. Ability of the larval ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say, 1836) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to locate the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton, 1865) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in bagged and bulk stored rice. J Plant Dis Prot 117, 67–70 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356337

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