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Different effects of the insectpathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycota) on the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and on its predator Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae)

Unterschiedliche Wirkung von Beauveria bassiana auf den Borkenkäfer Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) und dessen Räuber Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae)

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Abstract

In our study, Beauveria bassiana was tested on the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its predator Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Infection experiments were conducted in the lab at 20°C and long day conditions. B. bassiana, isolated from a different bark beetle species Ips typographus, was grown on malt extract agar. I. sexdentatus was collected from infested pine log sections and T. formicarius from pheromone baited traps. To check for insect pathogens that would influence the infection experiments significantly, a pathogen analysis was conducted. Insect pathogens were found in different frequencies (multiple infections were also noted): the ascomycete Metschnikowia cf. typographi (29.8%), the protozoan Gregarina cf. typographi (36.0%) as well nematodes in the hindgut (38.5%) and nematodes in the haemolymph (16.0%). Adult I. sexdentatus were inoculated with two different concentrations of conidia suspension (1 × 106, 1 × 107 conidiospores ml−1) and dry conidia, stripped off from infected bark beetle cadavers. T. formicarius was inoculated with conidia suspension (1 × 107 conidiospores ml−1), dry conidia and a very high amount of dry conidia. The experiments showed that B. bassiana killed up to 93.7% of the inoculated I. sexdentatus within 8 days, but no T. formicarius at these doses and only seven out of 15, inoculated with the highest amount of conidiospores.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Studie wurde die Wirkung von Beauveria bassiana auf den Borkenkäfer Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) und dessen Räuber Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae) getestet. Alle Infektionsversuche wurden im Labor bei 20°C und Langtagbedingungen durchgeführt. Der B.-bassiana-Stamm wurde von einer anderen Borkenkäferart (Ips typographus) isoliert und auf Malzextraktagar gezogen. I. sexdentatus wurde von befallenen Kiefernstämmen, T. formicarius aus Pheromon beköderten Borkenkäferfallen abgesammelt. Um einen entscheidenden Einfluss anderer Insektenpathogene auf die Infektionsversuche auszuschließen, wurde eine begleitende Pathogenanalyse durchgeführt. Dabei wurde der Ascomycet Metschnikowia cf. typographi (29.8%), der Einzeller Gregarina cf. typographi (36.0%) und Nematoden, sowohl im Enddarm (38.5%) als auch in der Haemolymphe (16.0%), gefunden (diese Pathogene/Parasiten traten auch kombiniert auf). Adulte I. sexdentatus wurden entweder mit einer von zwei unterschiedlich konzentrierten Konidiensuspensionen (1 × 106, 1 × 107 Konidiosporen ml−1), oder mit trockenen Konidien, die direkt von toten, verpilzten Käfern auf die Versuchstiere abgestreift wurden, inokuliert. T. formicarius wurde entweder mit der höher konzentrierten Konidiensuspension (1 × 107 Konidiosporen ml−1), mit trockenen Konidien bzw. einer extrem hohen Konzentration von trockenen Konidien inokuliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass dieser B.-bassiana-Stamm innerhalb von 8 Tagen bis zu 93.7% der damit inokulierten I. sexdentatus tötet. Die gleiche Dosierung aber führte zu keinem einzigen toten T. formicarius. Deshalb wurde die Dosierung nochmals erhöht und erst damit sieben von 15 dieser Insekten getötet.

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Correspondence to B. M. Steinwender.

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Steinwender, B.M., Krenn, H.W. & Wegensteiner, R. Different effects of the insectpathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycota) on the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and on its predator Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae). J Plant Dis Prot 117, 33–38 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356331

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