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Expression of resistance and tolerance of cassava genotypes to bacterial blight determined by genotype x environment interactions

Resistenz und Toleranz von Maniok gegenüber Bakterienbrand in Sorte-Umwelt-Interaktionen

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Abstract

The interaction of twenty-two cassava genotypes with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, the causal agent of bacterial blight, was evaluated under field conditions in three different sites, in the forest, forest savanna transition and wet savanna zones of Togo. Although no genotype with disease resistance in all sites was found due to high genotype x environment interactions, genotypes with promising levels of tolerance were identified. Cassava bacterial blight severity was negatively correlated to cassava root yield in artificially inoculated plots in the forest zone in two years, and in non-in- oculated plots in the forest savanna transition zone and the wet savanna zone in the first and the second year, respectively. Evaluating symptom development, four genotypes (CVTM4, Main27, TMS30572, TMS92/0429) were resistant in at least one environment and moderately resistant in other environments, while three genotypes (Lagos, Toma289, Toma378) were over all susceptible. Combining symptom and yield data, seven genotypes (TMS92/0057, TMS29/0326, Cameroon, TMS92/ 0343, Ben86052, Lagos, Gbazékouté) were identified as tolerant. Due to high interaction with the environment and tolerance reactions of some genotypes, a prediction of yield loss due to bacterial blight and the determination of a threshhold for loss seems hardly possible.

Zusammenfassung

Die Interaktion von 22 Manioklinien mit Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, dem Erreger des Bakterienbrandes, wurde unter Feldbedingungen in drei Ökozonen, der Waldzone, der Wald-Savannen-Übergangszone, und der Feuchtsavanne von Togo evaluiert. Obwohl wegen hoher SorteUmwelt-Interaktionen keine Linie mit Resistenz in allen Ökozonen gefunden wurde, konnten Genotypen mit einem vielversprechenden Toleranzlevel identifiziert werden. In künstlich inokulierten Versuchsfeldern in der Waldzone in zwei Jahren, und in natürlich infizierten Pflanzen in der Wald- Savannen-Übergangszone und der Feuchtsavannenzone im ersten bzw. zweiten Versuchsjahr war die Bakterienbrandstärke negativ mit dem Ertrag korreliert. Nach Symptomevaluierung waren vier Linien (CVTM4, Main27, TMS30572, TMS92/0429) in wenigstens einer Umgebung resistent und moderat resistent in den anderen Umgebungen, während drei Linien (Lagos, Toma289, Toma378) in jeder Umgebung anfällig waren. Bei Kombination von Befalls- und Ertragsdaten erwiesen sich sieben Linien (TMS92/0057, TMS29/0326, Cameroon, TMS92/0343, Ben86052, Lagos, Gbazékouté) als tolerant. Aufgrund der hohen Interaktion mit der Umwelt und der Toleranzreaktion einiger Linien sind eine Ertragsverlust vorhersage und die Festlegung einer Schadensschwelle kaum möglich.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA), Cacavéli, BP 1163, Lomé, Togo

    A. Banito & K. E. Kpemoua

  2. Institute of Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany

    A. Banito & K. Wydra

  3. Ecole Supérieure d’Agronomie (ESA), Universite de Lome, BP 1515, Lome, Togo

    A. Banito

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  1. A. Banito
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  2. K. E. Kpemoua
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  3. K. Wydra
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Correspondence to K. Wydra.

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Banito, A., Kpemoua, K.E. & Wydra, K. Expression of resistance and tolerance of cassava genotypes to bacterial blight determined by genotype x environment interactions. J Plant Dis Prot 115, 152–161 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356261

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