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Insecticide Resistance Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its effect on pests and yield of cotton in North India

Insektizidresistenz-Management bei Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) und die Auswirkung auf Schädlinge und Erträge von Baumwolle in Nord-Indien

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Abstract

An insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy was devised and evaluated for the management of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lep., Noctuidae) in cotton in on-farm research in Punjab state, India, in 2003–2004. The adoption of the IRM programme, based mainly on economic thresholds and on the use of selectively acting insecticides, resulted in significantly lower incidence of cotton bollworms and of homopteran pests in conjunction with a reduced use of insecticides. Beneficials (predatory bugs and spiders) tended to be more frequent. The number of insecticide sprays per season in IRM plots (9.5) was less than in non-IRM plots (14.5). Laboratory tests showed that the IRM strategy resulted in a significant decline (1 to 2.9-fold) in resistance of H. armigera larvae to cypermethrin, fenvalerate, endosulfan, methomyl, quinalphos and chlorpyriphos. A significant cotton yield increase of 28.7% (0.62 t/ha) was observed. The economic analysis showed a net return of $ 291.3/ha in IRM plots compared to non-IRM plots but the costs of advice and scouting are not included here. The results demonstrated the superiority of IRM strategy over the present farmers practice (unnecessary use of insecticides, practically no monitoring), and thus help in reviving the confidence of traditional cotton growers in a more sustainable cotton cultivation.

Zusammenfassung

Eine Insektizidresistenz-Managementstrategie (IRM) für Helicoverpa Armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) wurde auf Baumwollfeldern im indischen Bundesstaat Punjab 2003 und 2004 vergleichend mit traditionell wirtschaftenden Landwirten getestet. Die Annahme des IRM-Programms, das insbesondere auf Bekämpfungsschwellen und dem Einsatz unbedenklicher Insektizide basierte, hatte bei reduziertem Insektizidgebrauch ein signifikant geringeres Auftreten von H. armigera und auch der saugenden Schädlinge zur Folge. Die Häufigkeit der räuberischen Wanzen und Spinnen war tendenziell erhöht. Die Anzahl Insektizidspritzungen pro Anbauperiode betrug 9,5 auf IRM-Feldern und 14,5 auf Nicht-IRM-Feldern. Die IRM-Strategie führte in Laborversuchen zu einer Abnahme der Resistenz der Larven von H. armigera gegenüber Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate, Endosulfan, Methomyl, Quinalphos und Chlorpyriphos um das 1-bis 2,9-fache. Der Baumwollertrag auf IRM-Feldern stieg signifikant um 28,7% (0,62 t/ha). Die ökonomische Analyse ergab auf IRM-Feldern ein Plus von 291,3 $/ha gegenüber Nicht-IRM-Feldern, wobei aber die Kosten der Beratung und der Schädlings-Bonitur nicht veranschlagt wurden. Dennoch zeigte sich der Vorteil der IRM-Strategie gegenüber der bisherigen Praxis der Landwirte (unnötiger Insektizid-Einsatz, keine vorherige Befallsfeststellung). Die IRM-Strategie kann helfen, den Landwirten das Vertrauen in einen nachhaltigeren Baumwollanbau wieder zu vermitteln.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Dabwali Road, Bathinda, Punjab, India

    N. Aggarwal & D. S. Brar

  2. Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Experimental Station, Justus-Liebig University, Alter Steinbacher, Weg 44, 35394, Giessen, Germany

    N. Aggarwal & T. Basedow

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  1. N. Aggarwal
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  2. D. S. Brar
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  3. T. Basedow
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Correspondence to T. Basedow.

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Aggarwal, N., Brar, D.S. & Basedow, T. Insecticide Resistance Management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its effect on pests and yield of cotton in North India. J Plant Dis Prot 113, 120–127 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356168

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