Skip to main content
Log in

Efficacy of neem plant (Azadirachta indica) extracts in the control of Trogoderma granarium, a pest of stored groundnuts

Wirksamkeit von Extrakten des Neembaums (Azadirachta indica) gegenüber Trogoderma granarium an gelagerten Erdnüssen

  • Published:
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Petroleum ether extracts of leaves and kernels of the neem plant, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, mixed at varied dosages of 0, 50, 150, 250, 350 and 500 mg/ml with decorticated groundnut seeds (50 g), were tested for their potential to control the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts. The kernel extract was more potent than the leaf extract. The number of emerged adults decreased with increasing extract concentrations for both leaves and kernels. The number of emerged adults in the control (72.2 ± 4.83) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than all neem extract variants. The mortality of adults and larvae increased with increasing extract concentrations from 36.42 ± 4.62 % in the control to 60 ± 2.24 % at 500 mg/ml for leaf extract and to 55.08 ± 3.62 % at 500 mg/ml for kernel extract. Seed damage expressed as the number of holed seeds and weight loss of infested groundnut was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in each treatment as dosages increased. There was no significant reduction in the viability of groundnut seeds treated with neem extracts when compared with the control. Regression analysis showed positive correlations between dosages, adult and larval mortality and seed germination in each treatment. A negative relationship was observed between the dosages and emergence of offspring, seed damage and weight loss for each treatment.

Zusammenfassung

Petroletherextrakte von Samen und Blättern des Neembaums, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, wurden in Dosen von 0, 50, 150, 250, 350 und 500 mg/ml mit je 50 g entschalten Erdnüssen gemischt und ihr Bekämpfungspotenzial gegenüber dem Khaprakäfer Trogoderma granarium Everts untersucht. Samenextrakte des Neembaums erwiesen sich dabei als wirksamer als Blattextrakte. Die Anzahl sich entwickelnder adulter Käfer nahm mit steigenden Dosen beider Extrakte ab, wobei sich die Kontrollgruppe ohne Extraktzugabe (72.2 ± 4.83) signifikant (P < 0.05) von den behandelten Varianten unterschied. Die Mortalität der Adulten und Larven stieg mit steigender Extraktkonzentration von 36.42 ± 4.62 % in der Kontrolle auf 60 ± 2.24 % bei einer Dosis von 500 mg/ml im Fall des Blattextrakts und auf 55.08 ± 3.62 % bei der gleichen Dosis des Samenextrakts. Samenschäden in Form von Löchern verminderten sich signifikant (P < 0.05) in allen Varianten mit steigender Dosis. Die Behandlung mit Neemextrakten verminderte die Keimfähigkeit der Erdnusssamen nicht. Regressionsanalysen zeigten eine positive Korrelation zwischen Neemextraktdosis, adulter und Larvalmortalität und Keimfähigkeit in allen Varianten. Eine negative Korrelation bestand dagegen zwischen Dosis, Vermehrungsrate, Samenschädigung und Verminderung des Samengewichts.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature

  • Adedire, C. O., Ajayi, T. S. (1996): Assessment of the insecticidal properties of some plant extracts as grain protectants against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky. Nigerian J. Entomol. 13, 93–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dike, M. C., Mbah, O. I. (1992): Evaluation of lemon grass, Cymbopogon citratus Staphs. products in the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) on stored cowpea. Nigerian J. Plant Protect. 14, 88–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haines, C. P. (1999): Insects and Arachnids of tropical stored products: Their biology and identification (A training manual). Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, Kent, United Kingdom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, R. W. (1952): Entomological problems of food storage in Nigeria. Bull. Entomol. Res. 43, 111–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivbijaro, M. F. (1983): Toxicity of neem seeds Azadirachta indica A. Juss, to Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in stored maize. Protect. Ecol. 5, 353–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivbijaro, M. F., Ligan, C., Youdeowei, A. (1985): Control of rice weevils Sitophilus oryzae (L.), in stored maize with vegetable oils. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 14, 237–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jotwani, M. C., Sicar, P. (1965): Neem seed as a protectant against stored grain pests infesting wheat seed. Indian J. Entomol. 27, 160–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jotwani, M. C., Srivastava, K. P. (1981): Neem — insecticide of the future. I. As protectant against stored grain pests. Pesticides 15, 19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, W. (1995): Azadirachtin and other triterpenoides. In: Schmutterer, H. (Ed.): The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry and Other Purposes, pp. 35–88. Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo, VCH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lale, N. E. S., Abdulrahman, H. T. (1999): Evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil obtained by different methods and neem powder for the management of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera; Bruchidae) in stored cowpea. J. Stored-Prod. Res. 35, 135–143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lale, N. E. S., Mustapha, A. (2000): Potential of combining neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil with varietal resistance for the management of the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) J. Stored-Prod. Res. 36, 215–222.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lale, N. E. S., Vidal, S. (2001): Intraspecific and interspecific competition in Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Pic.) on stored bambara groundnut, Vigna subtterranea (L) Verdcourt. J. Stored-Prod. Res. 37, 329–338.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maina, Y. T., Lale, N. E. S. (2004): Efficacy of intergrating varietal resistance and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil for the management of Callosobruchus maculatus infesting bambara groundnut in storage. Nigerian J. Entom. 21, 94–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makanjuola, W. A. (1989): Evaluation of extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for the control of some stored pests. J. Stored-Prod. Res. 25, 231–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, E. A., Thornton, M. D. (1973): Azadirachtin in the fruit of Melia azedarach L. Phyto-chemistry 12, 390–392.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odeyemi, O. O. (1989): The bionomics of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera; Dermestidae) in varieties of cowpea and groundnut. Ph. D. thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odeyemi, O. O. (1991): Control of Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts in decorticated groundnut with vegetable oils. Appl. Entomol. Phytopathol. 58, 31–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odeyemi, O. O., Daramola, A. M. (2000): Storage Practices in the Tropics. Vol. 1: Food Storage and Pest Problem. Dave Collins, Akure, Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogunwolu, O., Idowu, O. (1994): Potential of powdered Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Rutaceae) root bark and Azadirachta indica (Meliacea) seed for control of the cowpea seed bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Bruchidae) in Nigeria. J. African Zool. 108, 521–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, J. (1939): Effectiveness of six vegetable oils as protectants of cowpea and bambara groundnuts against infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). J. Stored-Prod. Res. 19, 57–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prevett, P. F. (1964): The distribution of insects in stacks of bagged groundnuts in Northern Nigeria. Bull. Entomol. l Res. 54, 689–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sighamony, S., Anees, I., Chandrakala, T., Osmani, Z. (1986): Efficacy of certain indigenous plant products as grain protectants against Sitophilus oryzae (L) and Rhizopertha dominica (F.). J. Stored-Prod. Res. 22, 21–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sowunmi, O. E., Akinnusi, O. A. (1983): Studies on the use of neem kernel in the control of stored cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Trop. Grain Leg. Bull. 27, 28–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ssteel, R. G. D., Torrie, J. H. (1980): Principle and Procedure of Statistics — A Biometric Approach. 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tadesse, A., Basedow, T. (2005): Laboratory and field studies on the effect of natural control measures against insect pests in stored maize in Ethiopia. Z. Pflanzenkrankh. Pflanzensch. — J. Plant Dis. Protect. 112, 156–172.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. O. Ashamo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Odeyemi, O.O., Ashamo, M.O. Efficacy of neem plant (Azadirachta indica) extracts in the control of Trogoderma granarium, a pest of stored groundnuts. J Plant Dis Prot 112, 586–593 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356156

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356156

Key words

Stichwörter

Navigation