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The different effects of two preparations of neem (Azadirachta indica) and of Sumicidin® on the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Die unterschiedlichen Wirkungen von zwei Präparaten auf der Basis von Neem-Samen (Azadirachta indica) und von Sumicidin® auf den Blattlausräuber Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

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Abstract

Greenhouse experiments were conducted at Khartoum (Sudan) with the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata, two botanical and one synthetic insecticides: neem seed water extract (25 g fresh seed powder per l of water), NeemAzal T/S® (1 % azadirachtin A) and fenvalerate (Sumicidin® 20 % EC). An equivalent of 400 l/ha was applied with a plastic hand sprayer, containing 0.2 l Sumicidin (40 g/ha fenvalerate), 1.6 l NeemAzal (16 g/ha azadirachtin A) or 10 kg of neem seed powder (ca. 30 g/ha azadirachtin A was applied as neem seed water extract). The beetles were fed on Aphis gossypii reared on cucumber leaves. Four different stages of the predator were sprayed topically with the test preparations. In addition, beetles were fed on A. gossypii either topically sprayed or collected from cucumber plants, which soil was treated four days earlier. The preparations varied in their effects on the different stages of the predator. Neem weed water extract was less harmful to the predator than NeemAzal T/S. In topical treatments with NeemAzal T/S the corrected mortality (%) was: eggs 37.7, larvae 40.0, pupae 38.2, and adults 16.7; with neem seed water extract: eggs 15.1, larvae 26.7, pupae 29.4, and adults 10.0; with fenvalerate: eggs 86.8, larvae 100, pupae 73.5, and adults 100. Feeding L2 larvae and adults on contaminated aphids resulted in the following corrected mortalities (%): Sumicidin 100, NeemAzal ca. 40 and neem seed water extract 20/17 (larvae/adults). Feeding on aphids treated via the soil with neem seed water extract resulted at maximum in 26.4/16.7 % corrected mortality (larvae/adults), while no effects on the longevity of adults could be observed. So, in contrast to Sumicidin, neem preparations (being effective against pests) proved to be harmless for the beneficial beetle. The results are discussed concerning their importance for plant protection.

Zusammenfassung

In Khartoum, Sudan wurden Gewächshausversuche mit zwei botanischen und einem synthetischen Insektizid und dem Blattlausräuber Hippodamia variegata (Coccinellidae) durchgeführt: Neem-Saat-Wasser-Extrakt (25 g frisch gemahlene Kerne pro l Wasser), NeemAzal T/S® (1 % Azadirachtin A) und Fenvalerate (Sumicidin® 20 % EC). Mit einem Hand-Sprühgerät wurde mit einem äquivalent von 400 l/ha Brühe behandelt, entsprechend 0,2 l Sumicidin (40 g Fenvalerate), 1,6 l NeemAzal T/S (16 g/ ha Azadirachtin A) und 10 kg/ha Neem-Samen-Wasser-Extrakt (ca. 30 g/ha Azadirachtin A). Die Marienkäfer wurden mit Aphis gossypii auf Gurkenblättern gefüttert. Vier Stadien des Prädators wurden mit den Test-Präparaten besprüht. Zusätzlich wurden Larven und Käfer mit topikal oder über den Boden behandelten Blattläusen gefüttert. Die Präparate wirkten unterschiedlich auf die verschiedenen Stadien des Käfers. Neem-Samen-Wasser-Extrakt war weniger schädlich für die Art als NeemAzal T/S. Die topikalen Spritzungen zeigten die folgenden korrigierten Wirkungsgrade (%): NeemAzal T/S: Eier 37,7, Larven 40,0, Puppen 38,2, Adulte 16,7; Neem-Samen-Wasser-Extrakt: Eier 15,1, Larven 26,7, Puppen 29,4, Adulte 10,0; Sumicidin: Eier 86,8, Larven 100, Puppen 73,5, Adulte 100. Die Verfütterung behandelter Läuse an Larven und Adulte zeigte korrigierte Mortalitätsraten von 100 % bei Sumicidin, von ca. 40 % bei NeemAzal T/S und 25/17 % bei Neem-Samen-Wasser-Extrakt (Larven/ Adulte). Verfütterung von über den Boden mit Neem-Samen-Wasser-Extrakt behandelter Blattläuse führte maximal zu 26,4/16,7 % korrigierter Mortalität (Larven/Adulte). Die Lebensdauer der Adulten wurde weder durch Verfütterung topikal mit Neem-Präparaten behandelter noch durch über den Boden behandelter Blattläuse gegenüber Wasserbehandlung verändert. Im Gegensatz zu Sumicidin waren die Neem-Präparate harmlos für den Prädator. Die Bedeutung der Befunde für den Pflanzenschutz wird diskutiert.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan

    E. E. A. Hamd & H. A. F. El Shafie

  2. Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Experimental Station, Alter Steinbacher Weg 44, D-35394, Giessen

    H. A. F. El Shafie & T. Basedow

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  1. E. E. A. Hamd
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  2. H. A. F. El Shafie
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  3. T. Basedow
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Correspondence to T. Basedow.

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Hamd, E.E.A., El Shafie, H.A.F. & Basedow, T. The different effects of two preparations of neem (Azadirachta indica) and of Sumicidin® on the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J Plant Dis Prot 112, 580–585 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356155

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