Abstract
In two experiments young cabbage plants in the 4/6-leaf stage were supplied for eight weeks with nutrient solutions without nitrogen (oN), phosphorus (oP), calcium (oCa) or potassium (oK) in order to investigate the impact of withholding essential major elements on the development of black spot disease (Alternaria brassicicola) in intact leaves (variant Int) and detached leaf segments (variant Seg). A complete solution (Co) that contained all mineral elements essential for the growth of the host plant served as control. Lesion size in millimetres was measured as parameter of the pathogen activity. In the first trial, solutions oN, oP, oCa, and Co were tested simultaneously in four replications. Lesion size was estimated 5 days after inoculation (dai). In the second trial, only the solutions oK and Co were supplied in one replication and lesions were determined at 5 and 22 dai.
Supplying plants with the control solutions caused the largest leaf spots, whereas, with exception of the oP solution, the other ways of host nutrition significantly retarded disease development in the intact plants as well as in the segments compared with the control. The most drastic impact was caused by the oN (− 76 %) and oK (− 59.9 %) treatment in the Int variants. Whereas in both trials differences between the various nutrition treatments were significant at 5 dai, this could not be verified in the corresponding leaf segment variants in which the mean data obtained were significantly (about 38 %) lower than in the Int variant. Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant association between symptom expression caused by different nutrition in intact and detached host tissue when the data of each of the 5 dai treatment groups were included in the calculation, but when the data of all treatment series, including the 22 dai group in the second trial, were involved, a correlation coefficient of r = 0.61** could be calculated, indicating a relatively close association in affecting symptom expression between living and rapidly senescing host tissue. Symptom expression focussing on the impact of mineral elements, the putative relevance of some processes of the nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism and of physiologic stress situations in the host as well as some special requirements in resistance studies deduced from the experimental results are the main objectives in the discussion.
Zusammenfassung
In zwei Versuchsdurchläufen wurden junge Kohlpflanzen im 4/6-Blatt-Stadium über acht Wochen mit Nährlösungen ohne Stickstoff (oN), Phosphor (oP), Calcium (oCa) oder Kalium (oK) versorgt, um den Einfluss des Entzugs von essentiellen Makroelementen auf die Entwicklung der Schwarzfleckigkeit (Alternaria brassicicola) auf intakten Blättern (Variante Int) und abgeschnittenen Blattsegmenten (Variante Seg) zu untersuchen. Eine komplette, alle für die Entwicklung der Wirtspflanze erforderlichen Mineralstoffe enthaltende Nährlösung fungierte als Kontrolle (Co). Als Parameter des Erregerwachstums diente die Läsionsgröße in Millimetern. Im ersten Versuch wurden die Lösungen oN, oP, oCa und Co simultan in vierfacher Wiederholung geprüft. Die Läsionsgrößen wurden am fünften Tag p. i. ermittelt. Im zweiten Versuch mit einer Wiederholung wurden nur die Nährlösungen oK und Co einbezogen und Kontrollen der Läsionsgrößen am fünften und 22. Tag p. i. vorgenommen.
Die größten Läsionen waren auf den Kontroll-Serien zu konstatieren, jedoch führten, mit Ausnahme der oP-Ernährung, alle anderen Ernährungsformen sowohl bei den Int- als auch Seg-Varianten zu statistisch signifikanten Restriktionen des Erregerwachstums im Vergleich zur Kontrolle. Den stärksten Einfluss hatten die oN-(− 76 %) und oK-(− 59.9 %) Behandlungen bei den intakten Pflanzen. Während sich in beiden Versuchsdurchläufen die Differenzen zwischen den verschiedenen Behandlungen am fünften Tag p. i. statistisch sichern ließen, war dies bei den Blattsegmenten, auf denen die ermittelten Läsionsgrößen signifikant geringer (im Durchschnitt 38 %) ausfielen als auf den entsprechenden Serien der Int Variante, nicht der Fall. In einer Korrelationsanalyse ergab sich kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der durch die unterschiedliche Wirtsernährung verursachten Symptom-manifestierung in intaktem und alterndem Wirtsgewebe, wenn die am fünften Tag p. i. erhobenen Daten für die Berechnung des Korrelationskoeffizienten zugrunde gelegt wurden. Wurden jedoch, bezogen auf die jeweiligen Behandlungsgruppen, die Kalkulationen über alle Daten einschließlich der am 22. Tag p. i. durchgeführt, ließ sich ein Korrelationskoeffizient von r = 0.61** schätzen, was auf einen relativ guten Zusammenhang der Symptomexpression auf intaktem und isoliertem Wirtsgewebe hindeutet. Der Einfluss von Mineralstoffen, die mögliche Bedeutung bestimmter Prozesse des Stickstoff- und Kohlenhydrat-Metabolismus und des physiologischen Stresses im Wirt auf die Symptommanifestierung sowie einige daraus ableitbare Vorgehensweisen bei praktischen Resistenzprüfungen sind Gegenstand der Diskussion.
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Scholze, P., Ding, Y. Manifestation of black spot disease (Alternaria brassicicola) in intact leaves and detached leaf segments of cabbage plants grown in nutrient solutions without N, P, K and Ca. J Plant Dis Prot 112, 562–572 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356153
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356153
Key words
- Alternaria brassicicola
- cabbage
- major elements
- mineral deficiency
- nutrient solution
- physiological stress
- symptom expression