Summary
The characteristics of a variety of fluid and delayed cokes have been examined both in the laboratory and as fillers in statistically significant numbers of full-size reduction cell anodes. Sulfur content ranged 1–5%; sulfur emission and anode performance indicated unique coke properties independent of sulfur level. Performance of high-sulfur filler anodes ranged from excellent to poor, and depends much more on the amount of oxidant-accessible surface than on sulfur level. The significance of coke blend compatibility was investigated to improve anode performance with available fillers as coke quality changes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.S. Jones, R.D. Hildebrandt, and M.C. Hedlund, “Variation of Anode Performance with Coke Quality,” paper presented at 106th AIME Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, 1977, TMS-AIME paper selection A77-97.
S.S. Jones and R.D. Hildebrandt, “Anode Carbon Reactivity” in Light Metals 1974, TMS-AIME, p. 901–932.
S.S. Jones and R.D. Hildebrandt, “Electrode Binder Pyrolysis and Bond-Coke Micro-structure” in Light Metals 1975, TMS-AIME, p. 291–322.
Thomas Reis, “About Coke—and Where the Sulfur Went,” Chemtech, June 1977, p. 366–373.
Nagy El-Kaddah and Said Y. Ezz, “Thermal Desulphurization of Ultrahigh-Sulphur Petroleum Coke,” Fuel, 52, (1973) p. 128–129.
E. A. Heintz, “Crystallite Growth in the Pre-Graphitization Temperature Range,” paper CG-19, presented at 12th Biennial Conference on Carbon, July 28-Aug. 1,1975, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
R.E. Gehlbach, L.I. Grindstaff, and M.P. Whittaker, “Effect of Calcination Temperature on Real Density of High Sulfur Cokes,” paper presented at 106th AIME Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, 1977.
E.T. Turkdogan, R.G. Olsson, and J.V. Vinters, “Pore Characteristics of Carbons,” Carbon, 8, (1970) p. 545–564.
J.B. Donnet and J.F. Demendi, “Effect of Calcium, Iron, Silicon, Titanium, and Vanadium on the Rates of Gas-Carbon Reactions,” paper RS-163 in Summary of Papers, 10th Biennial Conference on Carbon, June 27–July 2, 1971, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
E. Barrillon and J. Pinoir, “Use of High-Sulphur Cokes in the Production of Prebaked Anodes,” in Light Metals 1977, TMS-AIME, p. 289–299.
V.L. Bullough, H.C. Marshall, and C.J. McMinn, “Some Effects of Sulfur in Petroleum Coke on the Performance of Anodes in Prebake Alumina Reduction Cells” in Light Metals 1971, TMS-AIME, p. 411–423.
J.L. Henry and R.D. Holliday, “Mass Spectrometric Examination of Anode Gases from Aluminum Reduction Cells,” J. of Metals, 9, (1957) p. 1384–1385.
K. Grjotheim, C. Krohn, M. Malinovsky, K. Matiasovsky, and J. Thonstad, “Aluminum Electrolysis, The Chemistry of the Hall-Heroult Process,” Aluminum-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf (1977) p. 199.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jones, S.S., Hildebrandt, R.D. & Hedlund, M.C. Influence of High-Sulfur Cokes on Anode Performance in Alumina Reduction. JOM 31, 33–40 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354477
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354477