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Abnormal daily periodicity of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and evidence for defective TSH suppression in a case of non-neoplastic syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion

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Abstract

A non-neoplastic syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH (ITSHS) was diagnosed in a hemithyroidectomized and clinically euthyroid 44-yr-old man, who also exhibited limping (Perthes’ disease), genu valgum, pes supinatus and lateral nystagmus. Computed tomography demonstrated an enlarged sella turcica due to empty sella. Baseline serum T3, T4, free T3, free T4 and TSH fluctuated between 179 and 274 ng/dl, 6.0 and 13.2 µg/dl, 4.2 and 6.0 pg/ml, 7.6 and 15.3 pg/ml, and 4.3 and 33.0 µU/ml, respectively. Serum alpha-TSH subunit was repeatedly normal (0.36–0.69 ng/ml) over the follow-up period (> 3 yr). No changes in serum liver enzymes and lipids were observed after thyroid hormone administration, whereas red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and urinary OH-proline were sligthly enhanced during 120 µg/day L-T3 regimen. This also resulted in an inappropriately normal glucagon-stimulated cAMP levels. Tachycardia was experienced only during L-T3 and very high L-T4 dose treatments. Therefore, the patient showed some evidence for thyroid hormone peripheral refractoriness. Patient’s TSH was physiologically responsive to agents (thyrotropin releasing hormone, methimazole, the dopamine antagonists domperidone and sulpiride) known to elicit its release into circulation, while it responded paradoxically to those which normally inhibit TSH secretion. In fact, the infusion of somatostatin (320 µg/h) or dopamine (4 µg/Kg/min), and the oral administration of bromocriptine or nomifensine (two dopamine agonists) or corticosteroids (dexamethasone) provoked an unexpected elevation of both unstimulated and TRH-stimulated TSH levels. Serum TSH also showed an abnormal daily periodicity, reaching the zenith in the daytime, after awakening- a finding confirmed on 4 different occasions. The above findings suggest that the underlying disturbance in our patient was a defective supression of TSH secretion. In this view, the present case is the first one in whom multiple defects of the inhibitory control of TSH secretion have been documented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Pluridisciplinare di Clinica Medica e Terapia Medica Generale e Speciale, University of Messina School of Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, 98100, Messina, Italy

    S. Benvenga, G. A. Sobbrio, F. Vermiglio, L. Li Calzi, S. Cannavò, F. Consolo & F. Trimarchi

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  1. S. Benvenga
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  2. G. A. Sobbrio
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  3. F. Vermiglio
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  4. L. Li Calzi
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  5. S. Cannavò
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  6. F. Consolo
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Presented, in part at the 9th International Thyroid Congress, Sao Paulo, Brazil, September 1–6, 1985.

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Benvenga, S., Sobbrio, G.A., Vermiglio, F. et al. Abnormal daily periodicity of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and evidence for defective TSH suppression in a case of non-neoplastic syndrome of inappropriate TSH secretion. J Endocrinol Invest 10, 195–202 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03347191

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