References
Richardson AC, Carpenter MW. Inflammatory mediators in gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynaecol Clin North Am 2007, 34: 213–24.
Retnakaran R, Hanley AJG, Raif N, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B. C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: the central role of maternal obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003, 88: 3507–12.
Leipold H, Worda C, Gruber CJ, Prikoszovich T, Wagner O, Kautzky-Willer A. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with increased C-reactive protein concentrations in the third but not second trimester. Eur J Clin Invest 2005, 35: 752–7.
Winkler G, Cseh K, Baranyi E, et al. Tumor necrosis factor system in insulin resistance in gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002, 56: 93–9.
Ategbo JM, Grissa O, Yessoufou A, et al. Modulation of adipokines and cytokines in gestational diabetes and macrosomia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91: 4137–43.
Metzger BE, Coustan DR. Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1998, 21 (Suppl 2): B161–7.
Levy JC, Matthews DR, Hermans MP. Correct homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) evaluation uses the computer program. Diabetes Care 1998, 21: 2191–2.
Heitritter SM, Solomon CG, Mitchell GF, Skali-Ounis N, Seely E. Subclinical inflammation and vascular dysfunction in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90: 3983–8.
Lapolla A, Dalfrà MG, Mello G, et al. Early detection of insulin sensitivity and beta cell function with simple tests indicates future derangements in late pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 93: 876–80.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dalfrà, M.G., Fedele, D., Ragazzi, E. et al. Elevations of inflammatory cytokines during and after pregnancy in gestational diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 32, 289–290 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346470
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346470