Skip to main content
Log in

Graves’ hyperthyroidism of recent onset and Graves’ orbitopathy: To ablate or not to ablate the thyroid?

  • Opinion
  • Published:
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Bartalena L, Pinchera A, Marcocci C. Management of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: reality and perspectives. Endocr Rev 2000, 21: 168–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schwartz KM, Fatourechi V, Ahmed DD, Pond GR. Dermopathy of Graves’ disease (pretibial myxedema): long-term outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87: 438–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Fatourechi V, Ahmed DDF, Schwartz KM. Thyroid acropachy: report of 40 patients treated at a single institution in a 26-year period. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87: 5435–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Marcocci C, Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Panicucci M, Pinchera A. Studies on the occurrence of ophthalmopathy in Graves’ disease. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1989, 120: 473–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bartalena L. Prevention. In Wiersinga WM, Kahaly GJ eds. Graves’ orbitopathy — a multidisciplinary approach. Basel: Karger 2007, 229–36.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF, Terwee CB. Effects of Graves’ ophthalmopathy on quality of life. J Endocrinol Invest 2004, 27: 259–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. El Fassi D, Nielsen CH, Bonnema SJ, Hasselbach HC, Hegedüs L. B lymphocyte depletion with the monoclonal antibody rituximab in Graves’ disease: a controlled pilot study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92: 1769–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Salvi M, Vannucchi G, Campi I, et al. Treatment of Graves’ disease and associated ophthalmopathy with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab: an open study. Eur J Endocrinol 2007, 156: 33–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bartalena L, Tanda ML, Bogazzi F, Piantanida E, Lai A, Martino E. An update on the pharmacological management of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005, 6: 851–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Laurberg P. Remission of Graves’ disease during anti-thyroid drug therapy. Time to reconsider the mechanism? Eur J Endocrinol 2006, 155: 783–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Azizi F, Ataie L, Hedayati M, Mehrabi Y, Sheikholeslami F. Effect of long-term continuous methimazole treatment of hyperthyroidism: comparison with radioiodine. Eur J Endocrinol 2005, 152: 695–701.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. How J, Topliss DJ, Strakosch G, Lewis M, Row VV, Volpé R. T-lymphocyte sensitization and suppressor T-lymphocyte defect in patients long after treatment for Graves’ disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1983, 18: 61–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Mariotti S, Pinna G. Autoimmune thyroid disease. In Braverman LE ed. Diseases of the Thyroid, 2nd ed., Totowa (USA): Humana Press Inc 2003, 107–60.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Weetman AP. Graves’ disease. N Engl J Med 2000, 343: 1236–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Costagliola S, Morgenthaler NG, Hoermann R, et al. Second generation assay for thyrotropin receptor antibodies has superior diagnostic sensitivity for Graves’ disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84: 90–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Vitti P, Rago T, Chiovato L, et al. Clinical features of patients with Graves’ disease undergoing remission after antithyroid drug treatment. Thyroid 1997, 7: 369–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Schott M, Morgenthaler MG, Fritzen R, et al. Levels of autoantibodies against human TSH receptor predict relapse of hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease. Horm Metab Res 2004, 36: 92–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Eckstein AK, Lax H, Lösch C, et al. Patients with severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy have a higher risk of relapsing hyperthyroidism and are unlikely to remain in remission. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2007, 67: 607–12.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bartalena L. Graves’ ophthalmopathy: search for shared autoantigen(s) continues. J Endocrinol Invest 2005, 28: 396–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Khoo DHC, Ho SC, Seah LL, et al. The combination of absent thyroid peroxidase antibodies and high thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels in Graves’ disease identifies a group at markedly increased risk of ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 1999, 9: 1175–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Eckstein AK, Plicht M, Lax H, et al. Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are independent risk factors for Graves’ ophthalmopathy and help to predict severity and outcome of the disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006, 91: 3464–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gerding MN, van der Meer JW, Broenink M, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF. Association of thyrotrophin receptor antibodies with the clinical features of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2005, 52: 267–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Marcocci C, Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Bruno-Bossio G, Pinchera A. Relationship between Graves’ ophthalmopathy and type of treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Thyroid 1992, 2: 171–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Moleti M, Mattina F, Salamone I, et al. Effects of thyroidectomy alone or followed by radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants on the outcome of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2003, 13: 653–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Menconi F, Marinò M, Pinchera A, et al. Effects of total thyroid ablation versus near-total thyroidectomy alone on mild to moderate Graves’ orbitopathy treated with intravenous glucocorticoids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92: 1653–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Chiovato L, Latrofa F, Braverman LE, et al. Disappearance of humoral thyroid autoimmunity after complete removal of thyroid antigens. Ann Intern Med 2003, 139: 346–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wiersinga WM. Preventing Graves’ ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1998, 338: 121–2.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bartalena L, Marcocci C, Bogazzi F, et al. Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves’ ophthalmopathy. N Engl J Med 1998, 338: 73–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Dickinson AJ, et al. Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Thyroid 2008, 18: 333–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bartalena L, Baldeschi L, Dickinson AJ, et al. Consensus statement of the European Group on Graves’ orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of GO. Eur J Endocrinol 2008, 158: 273–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Marcocci C, Bartalena L, Pinchera A. Ablative or non-ablative therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism in patients with ophthalmopathy? J Endocrinol Invest 1998, 21: 468–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Bartalena MD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bartalena, L., Marcocci, C., Lai, A. et al. Graves’ hyperthyroidism of recent onset and Graves’ orbitopathy: To ablate or not to ablate the thyroid?. J Endocrinol Invest 31, 578–581 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346411

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03346411

Key-words

Navigation