Preliminary observations on the effects of acute infusion of growth hormone on coronary vasculature and on myocardial function and energetics of an isolated and blood-perfused heart

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that growth hormone (GH) deficiency may deteriorate post-ischemic myocardial reperfusion damage. Furthermore, GH has been reported to be a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of chronic myocardial dysfunction. However, the exact mechanisms of action of GH on the cardiovascular system, particularly in the acute setting, are still unclear. The aim of our study consisted of monitoring the acute effects of GH infusion on isolated blood-perfused rabbit heart according to dose-response pattern and during ischemic conditions to test its anti-ischemic property. Seven blood-donors perfused isolated hearts were used as experimental model. The mechanical and metabolic data of the isolated organs were continuously monitored. Under aerobic conditions, dose-response curves were initially tested after intracoronary infusion of GH at increasing dosages (1, 2, 3 mg/l). After a stabilization period, the effects of GH infusion (5 mg/kg) administered 30 minutes prior to acute global myocardial ischemia (30 minutes) were also investigated. At the doses tested, GH did not induce any changes either in the developed or in the diastolic pressures of the isolated organ. However, transient reduction of the coronary perfusion pressure was observed at the dosage of 3 mg/l. During the ischemia/reperfusion study, at the dosages used in this study, GH did not modify either the degree of stunning in the early reperfusion or the recovery of the developed pressure at the end of reperfusion. In addition, GH did not prevent either the increase of diastolic pressure during ischemia or the release of lactate and CPK during reperfusion. Tissue content of high-energy phosphates was also not changed by GH infusion. In our experimental model, acute GH infusion did not reduce the ischemic/reperfusion damage of the myocardium. However, GH transiently induced coronary vasodilation without modifying the myocardial contractility. Acute effects of GH appear, therefore, to predominantly relate to vascular dilation suggesting that the effects on myocardial contractility may require long-lasting intake being likely linked to enhancement of specific protein synthesis or gene expression of cardiac myocytes.