References
Turner R.T., Riggs B.L., Spelsberg T.C. Skeletal effects of estrogen. Endocr. Rev. 1994, 15: 275–300.
JAMA National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference. JAMA 1984, 252: 799–802.
Richelson L.S., Wahner H.W., Melton L.J., Riggs B.L. Relative contributions of aging and estrogen deficency to postmenopausal bone loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 1984, 311: 1273–1275.
Han Z.H., Palnitkar S., Rao D.S., Nelson D., Parfitt A.M. Effects of ethnicity and age or menopause on the remodeling and turnover of iliac bone: implications for mechanisms of bone loss. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1997, 12: 498–508.
Barzel U.L. Estrogens in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review. Am. J. Med. 1988, 85: 847–850.
Komm B.S., Terpening C.M., Benz D.J., Graeme K.A., O’Malley B.W., Haussler M.R. Estrogen binding receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Science 1988, 241: 81–84.
Eriksen E.F., Colvard D.S., Berg N.J., Graham M.L., Mann K.G., Spelsberg T.C., Riggs B.L. Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast- like cells. Science 1988, 241: 84–86.
Smith E.P., Boyod J., Frank G.R., Talahashi H., Cohen R.M., Specker B., Williams T.C., Lubhan D.B., Korach K.S. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen- receptor gene in a man. N. Engl. J. Med. 1994, 331: 1056–1061.
Korach K.S. Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor. Science 1994, 266: 1524–1527.
Arts J., Kuipfer G.G.J.M., Janssen J.M.M.F., Gustafsson J., Lowik C.W.G.M., Pols H.A.P., Van Leeuwen J.P.T.M. Differential expression of estrogen receptors α and gB mRNA during differentiation of the human osteoblast SV-HFO cells. Endocrinology 1997, 138: 5067–5070.
Onoe Y., Miyaura C., Ohta H., Nozawa S., Suda T. Expression of estrogen receptor gB in rat bone. Endocrinology 1997, 138: 4509–4512.
Delaveyne-bitbol R., Garabedian M. In vitro responses to 17gB-estradiol throughout pubertal maturation in female human bone cells. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1999, 14: 376–385.
Ernst M., Health J.K., Rodan G.A. Estradiol effects on proliferation, messenger ribonucleic acid for collagen and insulin-like growth factor-I, and parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in osteoblastic cells from calvariae and long bones. Endocrinology 1989, 125: 825–833.
Ernst M., Schmid C., Froesch E.R. Enhanced osteoblast proliferation and collagen gene expression by estradiol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1988, 85: 2307–2310.
Gray T.K., Flynn T.C., Gray K.M., Namell L.M. 17gB-estradiol acts directly on the clonal osteoblastic cell line UMR106. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987, 84: 6267–6271.
Keeting P.E., Scott R.E., Colvard D.S., Han I.K., Spelsberg T.C., Riggs B.L. Lack of a direct effect of estrogen on proliferation and differentiation of normal human osteoblast-like cells. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1991, 6: 297–304.
Kassem M., Okazaki R., Harris S.A., Spelsberg T.C., Conover C.A., Riggs B.L. Estrogen effects on insulin-like growth factor gene expression in a human osteoblastic cell line with high levels of estrogen receptor. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1998, 62: 60–66.
Jilka R.L. Cytokines, bone remodeling, and estrogen deficiency: a 1998 update. Bone 1998, 23: 75–81.
Pacifici R. Estrogen, cytokines, and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Bone Min. Res. 1996, 11: 1043–1051.
Brandi M.L., Crescioli C., Tanin A., Frediani U., Agnusdei D., Gennari C. Bone endothelial cells as estrogen targets. Calcif. Tissue Int. 1993, 53: 312–317.
Jilka R.L., Hangoc G., Girasole G., Passeri G., Williams D.C., Abrams J.S., Boyce B., Broxmeyer H., Manolagas S.C. Increased osteoclast development after estrogen loss: mediation by IL-6. Science 1992, 257: 88–91.
Kimble R.B., Srivastava S., Ross F.P., Matayoski A., Pacifici R. Estrogen deficiency increases the ability of stromal cells to support murine osteoclastogenesis via an interleukin- 1- and tumor necrosis factor-mediated stimulation of machrofage colony-stimulating factor production. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271: 28890–28897.
Huges D.E.I Dai A., Tiffee J.C., Li H.H., Mundy G.R., Boyce B.F. Estrogen promotes apoptosis of murine osteoclasts mediated by TGF-gB. Nature Med. 1996, 2: 1132–1136.
Oursler M.J., Osdoby P., Pyfferoen J.7 Riggs B.L., Spelsberg T.C. Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88: 6613–6617.
Mano H., Yuasa T., Kameda T., Miyazawa K., Nakamaru Y., Shiokawa M., Mori Y., Yamada T., Miyata K., Shindo H., Azuma H., Hakeda Y., Kumegawa M. Mammalian mature osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996, 223: 637–642.
Ousler M.J., Pederson L., Fitzpatrick L., Riggs B.L. Human giant cell tumors of the bone (osteoclastomas) are estrogen target cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91: 5227–5231.
Fiorelli G., Gori F., Petilli M., Tanini A., Benvenuti S., Serio M., Bernabei P., Brandi M.L. Functional estrogen receptors in a human preosteoclastic cell line. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92: 2672–2676.
Kanatani M., Sugimoto T., Takahashi Y., Kaji H., Kitazawa R., Chihara K. Estrogen via the estrogen receptor blocks cAMP-mediated parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated osteoclast formation. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1998, 13: 854–862.
Oursler M.J., Pederson L., Pyfferoen J., Osdoby P., Fizpatrick L., Spelsberg T.C. Estrogen modulation of avian osteoclast Iysosomal gene expression. Endocrinology 1993, 132: 1373–1380.
Fiorelli G., Gori F., Frediani U., Morelli A.M., Falchetti A., Benvenuti S., Masi L., Brandi M.L. Evidence for bioeffects of LY139478 on the human preosteoclastic cell line FLG 29.1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995, 211: 857–863.
Zecchi-Orlandini S., Formigli L., Tani A., Benvenuti S., Fiorelli G., Papucci L., Capaccioli S., Orlandini G.E., Brandi M.L. 17gB-estradiol induces apoptosis in the preosteoclastic FLG 29.1 cell line. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1999, 255: 680–685.
Fiorelli G., Martineti V., Gori F., Benvenuti S., Frediani U., Formigli L., Zecchi S., Brandi M.L. Heterogeneity of binding sites and bioeffects of raloxifene on the human leukemic cell line FLG 29.1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1997,. 240: 573–579.
Paech K., Webb P., Kuiper G.J.M., Nilsson S., Gustaffson J., Kushner P.J., Canlan T.S. Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERa and ERb at APl sites. Science 1997, 277: 1508–1510.
Lieberherr M., Grosse B., Kachkache M., Balsan S. Cell signaling and estrogens in female rat osteoblasts: a possible involvement of unconventional nonnuclear receptors. J. Bone Miner. Res. 1993, 8: 1365–1376.
Gay C.V., Kief N.L., Bekker P.J. Effect of estrogen on acidification in osteoclasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993, 192: 1251–1259.
Fiorelli G., Gori F., Frediani U., Franceschelli F., Tanini A., Tosti-Guerra C., Benvenuti S., Gennari L., Lucia B., Brandi M.L. Membrane binding sites and nongenomic effects of estrogen in cultured human preosteoclastic cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1996, 59: 233–240.
Burkhardt R., Kettner G., Bohom W., Schmidmeier M., Schalg R., Frish B., Mallmann B., Eisenmenger W., Gilg T.H. Changes in trabecular bone, hematopoiesis and bone marrow vessels in aplastic anemia, primary osteoporosis, and old age: a comparative histomorphometric study. Bone 1987, 8: 157–164.
Stevenson J.C., Whitehead M.I. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Br. J. Med 1982, 282: 585–588.
Morishima A., Grumbach M.M., Simpson E.R., Fisher C., Qin K. Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1995, 80: 3689–3698.
Vanderschueren D., Van Herck E., Nijs J., Ederveen A.G.H., De Coster R., Bouillon R. Aromatase inhibition impairs skeletal modeling and decreases bone mineral density in growing male rats. Endocrinology 1997, 138: 2301–2307.
Jacob F., Siggelkow H., Homann D., Kohrle J., Adamski J., Schutze N. Local estradiol metabilism in osteoblast- and osteoclast- like cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1997, 61: 167–174.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fiorelli, G., Brandi, M.L. Skeletal effects of estrogens. J Endocrinol Invest 22, 589–593 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03343615
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03343615