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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prevention of hip fractures by exposure to sunlight and pharmacotherapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

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This article was retracted on 05 June 2018

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Abstract

Background and aims: Hypovitaminosis D and K due to malnutrition or sunlight deprivation, compensatory hyperparathyroidism, increased bone resorption, low bone mineral density (BMD), and an increased risk of falls may contribute to an increased risk of hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of interventions against hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: With respect to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding Alzheimer’s disease and hip fractures, the literature was searched with PubMed. Results: Three RCTs were identified, and the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for individual RCTs. Exposure to sunlight with calcium supplementation, menatetrenone (vitamin K2) plus calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and risedronate plus calcium and vitamin D supplementation improved hypovitaminosis D and hyperparathyroidism, contributing to a reduction in bone resorption. Risedronate itself strongly decreased bone resorption. Menatetrenone also decreased the serum level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin. The three interventions increased metacarpal BMD and reduced the incidence of hip fractures. The respective RRs (95% CI) were 0.22 (0.049–0.999), 0.13 (0.031–0.554), and 0.26 (0.100–0.690). Conclusions: The present study clarified the efficacy of three interventions, including exposure to sunlight, menatetrenone, and risedronate with calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation against hip fractures in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

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Change history

  • 05 June 2018

    The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because the three studies included in the meta-analysis [2,3 and 4] (cited as references 16, 17 and 18) have been retracted due to concerns regarding the data, which has rendered the results of this meta-analysis invalid.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Jun Iwamoto, Tsuyoshi Takeda & Hideo Matsumoto

  2. Department of Neurology, Mitate Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

    Yoshihiro Sato

  3. Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto, Japan

    Kiyoshi Tanaka

Authors
  1. Jun Iwamoto
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  2. Yoshihiro Sato
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  3. Kiyoshi Tanaka
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  4. Tsuyoshi Takeda
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  5. Hideo Matsumoto
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun Iwamoto.

Additional information

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article because the three studies included in the meta-analysis (cited as references 16, 17 and 18) have been retracted due to concerns regarding the data, which has rendered the results of this meta-analysis invalid.

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Iwamoto, J., Sato, Y., Tanaka, K. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Prevention of hip fractures by exposure to sunlight and pharmacotherapy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 21, 277–281 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324916

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324916

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