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Resistance Gene Analogues as a Tool for Rapid Identification and Cloning of Disease Resistance Genes in Plants 3 A Review

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Abstract

Most of the disease resistance genes (R-genes) discovered in plants have conserved functional domains, predominantly among them are nucleotide binding sites (NBS) and leucine rich repeats (LRR). The sequence information of the conserved domains can be invariably used to mine similar sequences from other plant species, using degenerate and specific primers for their amplification in a polymerase chain reaction. Such derived sequences, known as Resistance Gene Analogues (RGAs), can serve as molecular markers for rapid identification and isolation of R-genes. Besides, they can also provide clues about the evolutionary mechanism of resistance genes and the interaction involved in pathogen recognition. In the recent years, this sequence-homology based approach has been used extensively for the cloning and mapping of RGAs in cereals, pulses, oilseeds, coffee, spices, forest trees and horticultural crops. In this article, the current status of cloning of RGAs from different crops has been reviewed. A general method of RGA cloning and its modifications like NBS-profiling and AFLP-NBS have also been discussed along with examples. Further, it has been suggested that the RGAs cloned in various crops would be a useful genomic resource for developing cultivars with durable resistance to diseases in different crop breeding programmes.

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Abbreviations

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

Avr:

Avirulence

BLB:

Bacterial leaf blight

CAPS:

Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence

DR:

Defense response

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

LRR:

Leucine rich repeat

NBS:

Nucleotide binding site

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

R:

Resistance

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

RGA:

Resistance gene analogue

STS:

Sequence tagged sites

TIR:

Toll and interleukin-1 receptor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    T. R. Sharma, Alok Das & S. P. Kumar

  2. Division of Genetics, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India

    M. L. Lodha

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  1. T. R. Sharma
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  2. Alok Das
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  4. M. L. Lodha
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Correspondence to T. R. Sharma.

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Sharma, T.R., Das, A., Kumar, S.P. et al. Resistance Gene Analogues as a Tool for Rapid Identification and Cloning of Disease Resistance Genes in Plants 3 A Review. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 18, 1–11 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03263289

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