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High-Temperature Interactions off Refractory Metals with Gases

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Abstract

The thermodynamics and kinetics of high-temperature gas/metal reactions are important for the processing and application of the group IVa, Va, VIa and VIIa refractory metals—Zr, Hf V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W and Re. This article surveys the reactions of these metals with O, N, C and H. Along with various types of gas/metal reactions, the equilibria and thermodynamics for the range of solid solution of the nonmetals are discussed. The kinetics and mechanisms of reactions with N2, O2, H2O, CO and hydrocarbons are treated with an emphasis on the high-temperature regime since refractory metals are most frequently applied in high-temperature environments. Degassing reactions and steady states are also examined, as are some technical aspects of gas/metal reactions, including aspects of purification, doping and high-temperature treatments arid applications of refractory metals.

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Authors
  1. Klaus K. Schulze
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  2. Hermann A. Jehn
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  3. Gerhard Hörz
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Additional information

Klaus K. Schulze is currently senior scientist with the Max Planck Institut für Metall-forschung, Institut für Werkstoffwis-senschaften, in Stuttgart, West Germany. He is also a member of TMS.

Hermann A. Jehn is currently senior scientist with the Max Planck Institut für Metallforschung, Institut für Werkstoffwis-senschaften, in Stuttgart, West Germany. He is also a member of TMS.

Gerhard Hörz is currently with the Max Planck Institut für Metallforschung, Institut für Werk-stoffwissenschaften, in Stuttgart, West Germany.

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Schulze, K.K., Jehn, H.A. & Hörz, G. High-Temperature Interactions off Refractory Metals with Gases. JOM 40, 25–31 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03257980

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