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Kombinierte Radiochemotherapie des nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms mit Taxol

Radiochemotherapy with taxol for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In den letzten Jahren hat sich die kombinierte Radiochemotherapie mit platinhaltigen Substanzen zur Standardtherapie des inoperablen nichtkleinzelIigen Bronchialkarzinoms entwickelt. Neueren Substanzen, allen voran Taxol, wird ein noch höheres Wirkungspotential zugeschrieben.

Bestrahlung

Trotz ermutigender Ergebnisse bleiben der lokal progrediente Tumor und die systemische Fernmetastasierung Hauptprobleme dieser Erkrankung. Die lokale Kontrolle kann durch Erhöhung der Gesamtdosis der Bestrahlung, durch die Verkürzung der Behandlungszeit in akzelerierten Fraktionierungsschemata und durch die Gabe radiosensibilisierender Substanzen verbessert werden. Die 3D-konforme Bestrahlungsplanung, zum Teil mit intensitätsmodulierten Feldern, kombiniert mit biologischen Berechnungsmodellen, ermöglicht eine risikoadaptierte Intensivierung der Bestrahlung.

Taxol

Taxol wird ein strahlenwirkungsverstarkender Effekt aufgrund eines Zellzyklusarrests in der G2/M-Phase zugeschrieben. Strahlenbiologische Arbeiten fanden diesbezüglich widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Der Wirkmechanismus der „Radiosensibilisierung” bleibt unklar und ist wohl nicht ausschließlich auf einen G2/M-Block zurückzuführen. Für die simultane Radiochemotherapie mit wochentlichen Taxol-Gaben wurde bei einer Gesamtdosis von 60 bis 66 Gy (normfraktioniert) in mehreren Dosisfindungsstudien eine Taxol-Dosis von 60 mg/m2 übereinstimmend als maximal tolerable Dosis festgestellt. Änderungen der Taxol-Gaben (zum Beispiel täglich, zweimal wöchentlich oder zweiwöchentlich) oder der Fraktionierung und Gesamtdosis der Strahlentherapie führen zu einer entsprechenden Dosisanpassung des Taxols. Die dosislimitierende Toxizität der kombinierten Radiochemotherapie mit Taxol ist in den meisten Studien die (reversible) Ösophagitis. Die zusätzliche sequentielle Kombinationschemotherapie (beispielsweise Taxol 200 mg/m2 plus Carboplat AUC 6) ist bei der hohen Fernmetastasierungsrate grundsätzlich empfehlenswert.

Abstract

Background

In the last few years platin-based radiochemotherapy has become standard treatment for patients with advanced, surgically unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More recently new chemotherapeutic agents have shown superior activity. Among them paclitaxel (Taxol) is one of the most extensively investigated.

Radiotherapy

Despite of promising initial results, locally uncontrolled tumor and distant metastases continue to be the most serious problem of this disease. Improvement of local control can be achieved by escalating radiation dose, by shortening of treatment time with accelerated fractionation or by additional use of radiosensitizing agents. Concerning local control a tumor volume-dose relationship has been described. Three-dimensional conformal treatment planning eventually with intensity modulated fields, combined with biological TCP/NTCP calculation models allows risk-adapted escalation and intensification of irradiation.

Taxol

A radiosensitizing effect of Taxol by means of G2/M block has been reported. However, radiobiological data are contradictory and suggest a radiosensitizing effect even without cell-cycle arrest. For simultaneous paclitaxel and 60 Gy normally fractionated radiotherapy several prospective dose escalation studies have confirmed a maximum weekly Taxol dose of 60 mg/m2. Changes in paclitaxel application (e. g. daily, twice weekly or biweekly) or in radiotherapy fractionation require a corresponding adaption of Taxol dose. Dose limiting toxicity of this simultaneous treatment is esophagitis. With respect to the high rate of distant metastases sequential application of combined chemotherapeutic regimens (e. g. Taxol 200 mg/m2/Carboplat AUC 6) is generally recommended.

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Willner, J., Flentje, M. Kombinierte Radiochemotherapie des nichtkleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinoms mit Taxol. Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 175 (Suppl 3), 14–19 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03215922

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