Abstract
Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Wirkung der Globalisierung auf die Klassenstrukturen fortgeschrittener Gegenwartsgesellschaften. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Auseinandersetzung mit prominenten Globalisierungstheorien und -theoretikern, die die These vertreten, dass heute nicht nur eine ökonomische und politische Weltordnung, sondern eine radikal neue Form der Gesellschaft im Entstehen begriffen sei. Im Zuge dieser Transformation seien auch die Ungleichheiten zwischen den Klassen, die Klassenstrukturen selbst und die Art der Beziehung zwischen den Klassen und der Politik einem grundsätzlichen Wandel unterworfen. Die Kritik dieser Thesen auf der Basis aktueller empirischer Befunde führt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die durch die Globalisierung ausgelösten Veränderungen nicht so dramatisch sind, wie von den Großtheoretikern behauptet wird, und bislang nicht die einschneidenden sozialstrukturellen Effekte haben, die ihnen zugeschrieben werden. Das stellt die Allgemeingültigkeit dieser Theorien generell in Frage.
Summary
The article discusses the impact of globalisation on the class structure of advanced societies. I will be concerned with both the economic aspects of globalisation and larger concepts. The theories of globalisation on which I shall focus are those of the discontinuiste variety, i.e. those that would claim that not only a new world economy and world polity are now in the making but, at the same time, a radically new form of society. These theories claim that the nature of class inequalities and of the class structures in which they are grounded are undergoing fundamental changes. However, I present a critical examination of both the theoretical coherence of these theories and of their conformity with the available empirical evidence. While I recognise that my critique is limited to only one aspect of those theories of globalisation that claim epochal change, I conclude by suggesting that certain issues are raised that call the more general validity of these theories into question.
Résumé
Cet article analyse les effets de la mondialisation sur les structures sociales des sociétés contemporaines développées. Le point central est la mise en perspective de théories et de théoriciens de renom qui soutiennent la thése que le présent n’est pas seulement à comprendre comme un ordre économique et politique mondial mais comme I’apparition d’un modéle de société radicalement nouveau. Partie prenante de cette transformation, les inégalités sociales et les structures de classe même, ainsi que leur relation avec la politique subissent un changement fundamental. La critique de cette thèse sur la base de résultats de recherches actuelles et empiriques mène à la conclusion que les modifications produites par la mondialisation ne sont pas aussi importantes que le présupposent ces grands théoriciens et que jusqu’ici elles n’ont pas produit d’effet décisif sur la structure sociale, comme ceci leur est attribué. Cela pose la question de la valeur générale de telles théories.
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Goldthorpe, J.H. Globalisierung und soziale Klassen. Berl.J.Soziol. 13, 301–323 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03204672
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03204672