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Frauen und Politik in Osteuropa: 10 Jahre nach dem Zusammenbruch des Sozialismus

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Abstract

Drei Aspekte stehen im Mittelpunkt des Aufsatzes: Erstens geht es um die Partizipation von Frauen am politischen Leben im Allgemeinen, zweitens um den Anteil von Frauen innerhalb gewählter politischer Eliten und schließlich um die Berücksichtigung von Fraueninteressen und -belangen in der Politik. Diese Aspekte sind auf komplexe Weise miteinander verbunden. Sie werden nicht in gesonderten Abschnitten bearbeitet, wohl aber analytisch getrennt. Zunächst zeigt ein Rückblick auf die kommunistische Ära die Bedeutung der Integration von Frauen in die Erwerbssphäre und eine damit zusammenhängende spezifische Bereitschaft von Frauen, sich nach dem Zusammenbruch des kommunistischen Regimes am politischen Leben zu beteiligen. Dann werden einige Implikationen der gesellschaftlichen Transformation in das Zentrum der Aufmerksamkeit gerückt, die für die politische Partizipation von Frauen relevant sind. Es folgt eine Diskussion darüber, welche Konsequenzen Wahlordnungen wie auch jeweilige parteipolitische Positionen auf den Wahlerfolg von Frauen haben. Abschließend werden soziale Faktoren, die den Erfolg von Frauen im politischen Leben beeinflussen, zusammengefasst, und es werden Perspektiven des Wandels angerissen.

Summary

This paper will comment on three interrelated aspects: on women’s participation in political life, on the share of women among elected political representatives, and finally on the pursuit of women’s issues and women’s interests in politics. Clearly these are interrelated in complex ways, and I will not deal with them throughout in separate sections; but it is useful to keep them analytically separate. I begin with some reflections on the communist period, particularly on the importance of women’s participation in the labor force for their readiness to participate in political life after the end of the communist regime. I then turn to some of the implications of the transition years for women’s participation. This is followed by a discussion of consequences different electoral arrangements as well as parties’ political positions have on women’s representation among elected representatives. A final section looks at other factors that promote women’s success in politics.

Résumés

L’article est centré sur trois aspects: il est question d’abord de la participation des femmes à la vie politique en général, ensuite de la part des femmes au sein de certaines élites politiques et enfin de la prise en en compte des intérèts des femmes en politique. Ces aspects sont liés les uns aux autres de façon complexe. Ils ne sont pas traités en parties séparées, mais cependant l’analyse les distingue les uns des autres. Un regard rétrospectif sur l’ère communiste montre tout d’abord l’importance de l’intégration des femmes dans le monde du travail et, en corrélation, une disposition spécifique des femmes, après l’effondrement du régime communiste, à participer à la vie politique. Quelques implications de la transformation sociale ayant trait à la participation politique des femmes sont ensuite amenées en centre de l’attention. Il en suit une discussion relative aux conséquences qu’ ont les systèmes électoraux ainsi que les positions politiques des différents partis sur les succès électoraux des femmes. Pour conclure sont résumés les facteurs sociaux qui influencent le succès des femmes dans la vie politique et sont esquissées des perspectives de changement.

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Rueschemeyer, M. Frauen und Politik in Osteuropa: 10 Jahre nach dem Zusammenbruch des Sozialismus. Berl. J. Soziol. 11, 7–18 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03203979

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