Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and glucose-lowering activity of gliclazide alone and in combination with the bile acid salt, sodium 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5β-cholanate (MKC), in a rat model of type I diabetes. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n=10). Four groups were treated with alloxan (30 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. One group of healthy and one group of diabetic rats were administered gliclazide (20 mg/kg), MKC (4 mg/kg) or a combination of gliclazide (20 mg/kg) and MKC (4 mg/kg). One group of healthy and one group of diabetic rats were used as controls. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein 6 hours post-dose and the plasma was analyzed for glucose concentrations. It was found that gliclazide bioavailability was increased in healthy rats when coadministered with MKC, but there was no difference in glucose levels. Gliclazide bioavailability was much lower in diabetic rats and was not altered by MKC. However, the hypoglycemic effect of the combination of gliclazide and MKC was significantly greater in diabetic rats than that of gliclazide alone. It was demonstrated that the combination of MKC and gliclazide produced a significant hypoglycemic effect in a rat model of Type I diabetes. As gliclazide alone does not have a hypoglycemic effect on Type 1 diabetic rats, it can be concluded that gliclazide potentiates hypoglycemic effect of MKC in Type 1 diabetic rats.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Butler A.E., Janson J., Bonner-Weir S., Ritzel R, Rizza R.A., Butler P.C. (2003): Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 52, 102–110.
Rendell M. (2004): The role of sulphonylureas in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs, 64, 1339–1358.
Yaris F., Yaris E., Kadioglu M., Ulku C., Kesim M., Kalyoncu N.I. (2004): Normal pregnancy outcome following inadvertent exposure to rosiglitazone, gliclazide, and atorvastatin in a diabetic and hypertensive woman. Reprod. Toxicol., 18, 619–621.
Garcia-Bournissen, F., Feig D.S., Koren G. (2003): Maternalfetal transport of hypoglycaemic drugs. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 42, 303–313.
Campbell D.B.. Lavielle R., Nathan C. (1991): The mode of action and clinical pharmacology of gliclazide: a review. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 14 (Suppl 2), S21-S36.
Smith R.J. (1990): Effects of the sulfonylureas on muscle glucose homeostasis. Am. J. Med., 89, 38S-43S; discussion 51S–53S.
Mamputu J.C., Renier G. (2001): Gliclazide decreases vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction induced by cell-mediated oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Metabolism, 50, 688–695.
Renier G., Desfaits A.C., Serri O. (2000): Effect of gliclazide on monocyte endothelium interactions in diabetes. J. Diabetes Complica., 14, 215–223.
Palmer K.J., Brogden R.N. (1993): Gliclazide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs, 46, 92–125.
Tsiani E., Ramlal T., Leiter L.T., Klip A., Fantus I. (1995): Stimulation of glucose uptake and increased plasma membrane content of glucose transport in L6 skeletal muscle cells by the sulfonylureas gliclazide and glyburide. Endocrinology, 136, 2505–2512.
Merlob P., Levitt O., Stahl B (2002): Oral antihyperglycemic agents during pregnancy and lactation: a review. Paediatr. Drugs, 4: 755–760.
Rieutord A., Stupans I., Shenfield G.M., Gross A.S. (1995): Gliclazide hydroxylation by rat liver microsomes. Xenobiotica, 25: 1345–1354.
Mesiha M.S., Ponnapula S., Plakogiannis F. (2002): Oral absorption of insulin encapsulated in artificial chyles of bile salts, palmitic acid and alpha-tocopherol dispersions. Int. J. Pharm., 249, 1–5.
Mrestani Y., Marestani Z., Neubert R.H. (2001): The effect of a functional group in penicillin derivatives on the interaction with bile salt micelles studied by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis, 22, 3573–3577.
Mikov M., Kevresan S., Kuhajda K., Jakovljevic V., Vasovic V. (2004): 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5-beta-cholanate as blood — brain barrier permeator. Pol. J. Pharmacol., 56, 367–371.
Kuhajda K., Kevresan S., Kandrac J, Fawcett J.P., Mikov M. (2006): Chemical and metabolic transformations of selected bile acids. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 31, 179–235.
Kuhajda K., Kevresan S., Mikov M., Sabo A., Miljkovic D. (2000): Influence of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β cholanate on blood glucose levels in rats. Arch. Toxicol. Kinet. Xenobiot. Metab., 8, 304–308.
Mikov M., Fawcett J. P., Kuhajda K., Kevresan S. (2006): Pharmacology of bile acids and their derivatives: absorption promoters and therapeutic agents. Eur. J. Drug Metabol. Pharmacokinet., 31, 237–251.
Khavinson V.K. (2005): Effect of tetrapeptide on insulin biosynthesis in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 140, 452–454.
Moursagaleeva G.N.; Khafizianova R.K., Kiyasov A.P. (1988): The elevating blood glucose levels as result of increasing of A-cell population in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Pathophysiology, 5 (Suppl. I). 177.
Federiuk I.F., Casey H.M., Quinn M.J., Wood M.D., Ward W. K. (2004): Induction of type-1 diabetes mellitus in laboratory rats by use of alloxan: route of administration, pitfalls, and insulin treatment. Comp. Med., 54, 252–257.
Slonim A.E., Surber M.L., Page D.L., Sharp R.A., Burr I.M. (1983): Modification of chemically induced diabetes in rats by vitamin E. Supplementation minimizes and depletion enhances development of diabetes. J. Clin. Invest., 71, 1282–1288.
Miljkovic D, Kuhajda K., Hranisavljevic J. (1996): Selective C-12 oxidation of cholic acid. J. Chem. Res. 1996; Suppl: 106–107
Bachmann K, Pardoe D., White D.: Scaling basic toxicokinetic parameters from rat to man. Environ. Health Perspect., 104, 400–407.
Alam M.J., Rahman M.A. (1971): Changes in the saccharoid fraction in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes or injected with epinephrine. Clin. Chem., 17, 915–920.
Khavinson, V.K. (2005): Effect of tetrapeptide on insulin biosynthesis in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 140, 452–454.
Park J.Y., Kim K.A., Park P.W., Park C.W., Shin J.G. (2003): Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 74, 334–340.
Rouini M.R., Mohajer A., Tahami M.H. (2003): A simple and sensitive HPLC method for determination of gliclazide in human serum. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life. Sci., 785, 383–386.
Hsieh D. (ed) (1994). Drug Permeation Enhancement Theory and Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.
Alberts B., Bary D., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Watson J., eds (1983): Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland, N.Y.
Gribble F.M., Ashcroft F.M. (2000): Sulfonylurea sensitivity of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels from beta cells and extrapancreatic tissues. Metabolism, 49, 3–6.
Eloranta J.J., Kullak-Ublick G.A. (2005): Coordinate transcriptional regulation of bile acid homeostasis and drug metabolism. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 433, 397–412.
Zollner G., Fickert P., Silbert D., Fuchsbichler A., Stumptner C., Zatloukal K., Denk H., Trauner M. (2002): Induction of short heterodimer partner 1 precedes downregulation of Ntcp in bile duct-ligated mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 282, G184-G191.
Iida M., Ikeda M., Kishimoto M., Tsujino T., Kaneto H., Matsuhisa M, et al. (2002): Evaluation of gut motility in type II diabetes by the radiopaque marker methodl. J. Gastroenerol. Hepatol., 15, 381–385.
Mikov M., Boni N.S., Al-Salami H., Kuhajda K, Kevresan S., Fawcett J. P. (2007): Bioavailability and hypoglycemic effect of the semisynthetic bile acid salt, sodium 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5β-cholanate (MKH), in healthy and diabetic rats. Eur. J. Drug Metabol. Pharmacokinet., 32, 7–12.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mikov, M., Al-Salami, H., Golocorbin-Kon, S. et al. The influence of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5β-cholanate on gliclazide pharmacokinetics and glucose levels in a rat model of diabetes. Eur. J. Drug Metabol. Pharmacokinet. 33, 137–142 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03191110
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03191110