Skip to main content
Log in

Family Activity Patterns as related to the symmetry in the division of labour in the family, children’s socialization to work and the significance of work to the parents

Influence de la répartition des tâches à l’intérieur de la famille, de la socialisation des enfants à l’égard du travail, et de l’importance du travail pour les parents, sur le type d’activité familiale

  • Published:
European Journal of Psychology of Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper is based on empirical material collected in connection with the research project ‘Way of life in the family parental awareness of parenthood, and children’s social development’. The sample consisted of 212 families with both parents and a six-year-old child. It was relatively homogeneous with regard to the educational background of the parents. Comparisons were made between groups of families which differed with regard to (1) symmetry in the division of labour, (2) socialization of children to work, and (3) the relative significance of work vs. family life to the parents. Symmetry in the division of labour was strongly reflected in the family time consumption patterns and their common interests. The parents active role as instigators of common activity was also related to both time consumption and interests. The particular characteristics of work-centred families were described. The wife’s employment status and the nature of her work was associated with the family was of life, while the husband’s work was less important in this respect. Interpretations were made in terms of the trend of changes in the division of labour in the family and children’s socialization to work.

Résumé

L’article s’appuie sur une documentation empirique rassemblée à propos d’un projet de recherche, «Mode de vie familial, conscience des parents de leur condition parentale, et développement social des enfants», sur un échantillon de 212 familles, composées des deux parents et d’un enfant de six ans, échantillon relativement homogène quant à l’éducation des parents. Les comparaisons ont été faites entre des groupes de familles qui se distinguent par (1) la symétrie dans la répartition des tâches, (2) la socialisation des enfants à l’egard du travail, et (3) l’importance relative de la vie professionnelle opposée à la vie familiale pour les parents. La symétrie dans la répartition des tâches se retrouve nettement dans les modèles d’utilisation du temps par la famille et dans ses intérêts communs. Le rôle actif des parents dans l’incitation à des activités en commun se trouve lié aussi bien à la manière d’utiliser le temps qu’aux intérêts communs. Les caractéristiques particulières des familles orientées sur le travail sont décrites. Le statut de l’emploi de la femme et la nature de son travail sont liés au mode de vie familial, alors qu’à cet égard le travail du mari est moins important. Des interprétations sont posées en fonction des tendances a modifier la répartition des tâches dans la famille et de la socialisation des enfants pour le travail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alanen, L., Luolaja, J., Pölki, P. & Takala, M. (1979). Prerequisites of children’s social development: Project, methods, sampling and descriptive data (Finn.) Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, No. 211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berk, R. A. & Berk, S. F. (1979) Labor and leisure at home. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bossard, J. H. S. & Boll, E. S. (1956) The large family system. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Condran, J. G. & Bode, J. G. (1982) Rashomon, working wives, and family division of labor: Middletown, 1980. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 44, 421–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elder, G. H. Jr. (1974) Children of the Great Depression. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eskola, K., Kortteinen, M. & Roos, J.-P. (1978). The way of life and cultural activities in the Finnish family. Research project «The way of life in social change». Report No. 4, University of Joensuu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, L. A. & Klopov, E. V. (1974) Man after work. Moscow: Progress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haavio-Mannila, E. (1980) The distribution of household tasks in the family (Finn.). Sosiologia, 17, 185–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holter, H., Gjertsen, A., Henriksen, H. V. & Hjort, H. (1976) Familjen i klassamhället. Stockholm: Aldus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasvio, A. (1982). Work in industry and way of life (Finn.). Acta Universitatis Tamperensis A 134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohn, M. (1969). Class and conformity. Homewood, Ill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koskenniemi, M. (1980). The day circle of school children (Finn.). Department of Education, University of Helsinki, No. 84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, D. (1975) Freizeit und die Reproduktion der Arbeitskraft. Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerber, E.-L., Malkavaara, E., Paatola, S. & Takala, M. (1979). Family life style, described in terms of activities and time consumption: comparisons between farmer, salesmen and industrial workers (Finn.). Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, No. 216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luolaja, J. (1977). Communication atmosphere in the family (Finn.). Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, N.o 201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meteli (1975). Living conditions and way of life of personnel in three metal factories (Finn.). Liikunnan ja kansanterveyden julk. 1, Jyväskylä.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niemi, I., Kiiski, S. & Liikkanen, M. (1981). Use of time in Finland 1979. Central Statistical Office in Finland, Studies No. 65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, S. (1971) The future of work and leisure, Glencoe, Ill: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. P. (1977) How Americans use their time: A social-psychological analysis. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. P., Yearby, J., Fieweger, M. & Somerick, N. (1977) Sex-role differences in time use: Sex Roles, 3, 443–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenblatt, P. C., Nevaldine, A. & Titus, S. L. (1978) Farm families: Relation of significant attributes of farming to family interaction. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 8, 89–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, W. N. (1979) Our children should be working. Springfield, Ill. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szalai, A. Ed. (1972), The use of time. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takala, A. & Takala, M. (1960). Parental attitudes and child rearing practices. Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Jyväskyläensis 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takala, M. (1979). Family way of life, parental awareness of parenthood and children’s social development (Finn.). Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, No. 219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takala, M. (1984a). Family way of life and integration patterns. In W. Doise & A. Palmonari (Eds.), Social interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takala, M. (1984b). Changes in family communication and interaction (Finn.). Psykologia, 19, 172–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takala, M. & Pölkki, P. (1985). To be published.

  • White, L. K. & Brinkerhoff, D. B. (1981) Children’s work in the family: Its significance and meaning., Journal of Marriage & the Family, 43, 789–798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiting, B. & Whiting, J. W. M. (1975) Children of six cultures. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Willmott, P. & Young, M. (1972) The symmetrical family. Harmondsworth Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

The paper is based on the results of the project «The family’s was of life, parental awareness of parenthood and children’s social development», carried out in 1977 to 1981 in cooperation with Leena Alanen, Jorma Luolaja, and Pirjo Pölkki. The writer is indebted to Alma Mikkanen for her assistance in reviewing literature and data processing.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Takala, M. Family Activity Patterns as related to the symmetry in the division of labour in the family, children’s socialization to work and the significance of work to the parents. Eur J Psychol Educ 1, 59–75 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03177411

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03177411

Key words

Navigation