Abstract
Two conflicting versions of the history of their country were acquired by children in Estonia during the Soviet rule. While the official version was taught systematically at school, the unofficial one, banned from the public sphere, was discovered individually by each child with the help of parents or other adults, family photo albums, surviving books from the 1920'ies and 1930'ies, and other sources. Differences between the two versions are described as well as their relations to ethnic identity and self-esteem, and the reasons for the failure of the official version and the survival of the unofficial one are analysed.
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Tulviste, P. History taught at school versus history discovered at home: The case of Estonia. Eur J Psychol Educ 9, 121 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173547
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173547