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Self-evaluation and school adaptation in adolescence

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Abstract

The transition between Junior High School and High School (respectively “collège” and “lycée” in the French system) results in new academic demands to which the pupil tries to respond by mobilising new adaptive resources. This study deals with one of these resources — self-esteem — which, as a result of a qualitative change in the young person’s evaluation of him/herself, takes on its full meaning during adolescence.

At the end of Junior High School, 208 good pupils (126 girls and 82 boys) were asked to fill in questionnaires about global self-esteem and self-evaluation in domains related to school (“with peers”; “in the school work”; “in the family”). Using two different techniques (questionnaires and interviews), their coping modalities (emotions, mental strategies and active strategies) were recorded when they found themselves facing a “first academic difficulty” at school. The difficulty took the form of a sudden, noticeable drop in performance in a subject in which the pupil had previously been successful. A multiple regression analysis revealed the low predictive power of contextual self-evaluation (including self-evaluation related to school) on functional and dysfunctional factors. On the other hand, global self-esteem contributed significantly to the prediction of these factors and to the sequential ordering of coping modalities in time.

Résumé

La transition collège-lycée se traduit par de nouvelles exigences académiques auxquelles l’élève tente de répondre en mobilisant de nouvelles ressources adaptatives. Notre étude porte sur l’une d’entre-elles, l’estime de soi, variable qui prend tout son sens à l’adolescence en témoignant d’un changement qualitatif dans l’évaluation que le sujet fait de lui-même. En fin de collège, 208 bons élèves (126 filles et 82 garçons) sont invités à remplir des questionnaires d’estime de soi globale et d’évaluation de soi dans des domaines liés à la scolarité (“avec les autres de ton âge”; “dans le travail scolaire”; “en famille”). A l’aide de deux techniques différentes (questionnaire et entretien), on recueille leurs modalités de coping (émotions, stratégies mentales et stratégies actives) lorsqu’ils sont confrontés au lycée à une première “difficulté scolaire”, opérationnalisée par une chute brutale et sensible de performance dans une matière où ils étaient en réussite jusqu ’alors. Une analyse de régression multiple révèle le faible impact prédictif de l’évaluation de soi contextuelle (y compris de l’évaluation de soi scolaire) sur les facteurs “fonctionnels” et “dysfonctionnels” (c’est à dire centrés ou non sur une tentative de maîtrise de la situation difficile) issus de l’analyse factorielle. En revanche, l’estime de soi globale contribue sognificativement à la prédiction de ces mêmes facteurs ainsi qu’à l’ordonnancement des modalités de coping dans le temps.

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Bourcet, C. Self-evaluation and school adaptation in adolescence. Eur J Psychol Educ 13, 515–527 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173102

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