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The role of GLUT2 in dietary sugar handling

Papel del GLUT2 en la utilización de los azúcares de la dieta (minirrevisión)

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Abstract

GLUT2 is a facilitative glucose transporter located in the plasma membrane of the liver, pancreatic, intestinal, kidney cells as well as in the portal and the hypothalamus areas. Due to its low affinity and high capacity, GLUT2 transports dietary sugars, glucose, fructose and galactose in a large range of physiological concentrations, displaying large bidirectional fluxes in and out the cells. This review focuses on the roles of GLUT2. The first identified function of GLUT2 is its capacity to fuel metabolism and to provide metabolites stimulating the transcription of glucose sensitive genes. Recently, two other functions of GLUT2 are uncovered. First, the insertion of GLUT2 into the apical membrane of enterocytes induces the acute regulation of intestinal sugar absorption after a meal. Second, the GLUT2 protein itself initiates a protein signalling pathway triggering a glucose signal from the plasma membrane to the transcription machinery.

Resumen

GLUT2 es un transportador equilibrativo de glucosa localizado en la membrana plasmática de células hepáticas, pancreáticas, intestinales y renales, asi como en áreas portales e hipotalámicas. Debido a su baja afinidad y alta capacidad, GLUT2 transporta los azúcares de la dieta glucosa, fructosa y galactosa, en un amplio margen de concentraciones fisiológicas, dando lugar a amplios flujos bidireccionales hacia dentro y fuera de las células. La presente revisión trata sobre las funciones de GLUT2. La primera función identificada para GLUT2 es su capacidad para avivar el metabolismo y proporcionar metabolitos que estimulan la transcripción de genes sensibles a la glucosa. Recientemente se han descubierto otras dos funciones. Primera, la inserción de GLUT2 en la membrana apical de los enterocitos induce una regulación aguda de la absorción intestinal de glucosa tras la ingesta. Segunda, la propia proteína GLUT2 inicia una ruta de señalización para la glucosa desde la membrana a la maquinaria de transcripción.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 505 INSERM-UPMC, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, 75 006, Paris, France

    A. Leturque, E. Brot-Laroche, M. Le Gall, E. Stolarczyk & V. Tobin

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  1. A. Leturque
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  2. E. Brot-Laroche
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  3. M. Le Gall
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  4. E. Stolarczyk
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Correspondence to A. Leturque.

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Leturque, A., Brot-Laroche, E., Le Gall, M. et al. The role of GLUT2 in dietary sugar handling. J. Physiol. Biochem. 61, 529 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03168378

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