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Teletherapie bei subfovealer, exsudativer Makuladegeneration

Radiation treatment of subfoveal exudative macular degeneration

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Zusammenfassung

In der Behandlung subfovealer, okkulter und klassischer chorioidaler Neovaskularisationen im Rahmen der altersabhängigen Makuladegeneration hat sich bisher keine Therapie als wirksam erwiesen. Ein neuerer Therapieansatz ist die fraktionierte Teletherapie, wobei die bisherigen Ergebnisse von Studien kontrovers sind.

In einer prospektiven Studie führten wir bei 40 Patienten, davon 9 Männer und 31 Frauen, mit einem mittleren Alter von 74 Jahren mit feuchter AMD und Einbeziehung der Fovea eine Teletherapie durch. Acht Patienten hatten eine klassische subretinale Membran, 32 eine okkulte in der Fluoreszenzangiographie, davon 14 mit einer Pigmentepithelabhebung. Die Bestrahlung mit einer Gesamtdosis von 14,4 Gy erfolgte von einem lateralen Stehfeld mit einem Linearbeschleuniger (X-8) in acht Fraktionen mit 1.8 Gy Einzeldosis.

Der Visus war nach einem Jahr Nachbeobachtungszeit bei 6 Patienten unverändert, bei den restlichen 34 verschlechterte er sich um 2 oder mehr Optotypenreihen. Das zentrale Gesichtsfeld verschlechterte sich signifikant von 16,5 dB auf 12,4 dB. Fundoskopisch als auch angiographisch konnte bei keinem Patienten eine Regression oder Stabilisierung der chorioidalen Neovaskularisationen beobachtet werden.

Nach unseren Ergebnissen hat eine Teletherapie mit einer Gesamtdosis von 14,4 Gy in acht Fraktionen keinen Einfluß auf die Funktion und die exsudativen Netzhautveränderungen bei altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration.

Summary

Treatment of patients with neovascular agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) presenting with CNV which extend under the center of the fovea is discouraging. A new therapeutic regimen is the application of radiation, but the results of initial studies are contradictory.

In a prospective study 40 patients — 9 males and 31 females — with a mean age of 74 years and exudative AMD with involvement of the fovea were treated with radiation. Eight patients had classic, well-defined CNV, 32 had occult lesions. Radiation was administered on the posterior pole with a 8 MV-photon beam at a linear accelerator. A dose of 14.4 Gy, 1.8 Gy per day, 5 fractions per week was delivered through a single lateral port.

After a follow-up of one year the visual acuity was stable in 6 patients and deteriorated by two or more lines in 34 patients. The central visual fields decreased significantly from 16.5 dB to 12.4 dB. The neovascular changes progressed in all patients.

Our results did not show a beneficial effect of the radiation treatment with a dosage of 14.4 Gy whether on visual acuity nor on exudative changes in patients with AMD.

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Haas, A., Pretterhofer, U., Langmann, G. et al. Teletherapie bei subfovealer, exsudativer Makuladegeneration. Spektrum Augeheilkd 12, 117–120 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03164383

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