Zusammenfassung
Computersysteme dringen immer mehr auch in sicherheitsrelevante Anwendungsbereiche vor und beginnen dort, aufgrund ihrer hohen Flexibilität und Leistungsfähigkeit die bewährten Relaissteuerungen abzulösen. Gleichzeitig sind diese Computersysteme jedoch auch wesentlich komplexer, daher sind Analyse und Nachweis ihrer Zuverlässigkeit weitaus aufwendiger und erfordern einen völlig anderen Zugang. Analysen des Ausfallverhaltens, die bei Relais noch vollständig und auf analytischem Wege möglich waren, benötigen nun einen wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretischen oder messtechnischen Zugang.
In diesem Kontext sollen am Beispiel einer Steer by wire-Anwendung im Auto folgende Aspekte schwerpunktmäßig behandelt werden: Fail-silent-Architekturen als kostengünstige Alternative zu TMR-Systemen, Zuverlässigkeitsmodellierung auf Systemebene (Analyse latenter Fehler), Fehlerinjektion als Weg zur messtechnischen Bestimmung der Fehlererkennungsrate.
Abstract
Embedded computer systems are increasingly being entrusted with vital control tasks in safety critical applications. Due to their immense versatility they are replacing conventional relay- and mechanical control systems as well as pneumatic systems. The high complexity inherent to computer control systems, however, makes the assessment and proof of their reliability more difficult. While conventional failure mode analysis has proven effective for mechanical and relay control, embedded systems rather require probabilistic and metrological approaches.
In this context our paper will concentrate on some aspects of fail-silent architectures as an alternative to TMR systems, system level reliability modelling and fault injection for the assessment of fault tolerance.
The implications of this approach will be demonstrated for an automotive steer-by-wire system.
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Scherrer, C., Steininger, A. Vom Lenkrad zum Joystick. Elektrotech. Inftech. 117, 714–720 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03157743
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03157743