Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electron spin resonance study of transient radicals in solution

  • Published:
Reviews on Reactive Species in Chemical Reactions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. E. Zavoiskii,J. Phys. U.S.S.R.,9, 211, 245 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.O.C. Norman and B.C. Gilbert inAdvances in Phys. Org. Chemistry”, ed. by V. Gold, Academic Press, London, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  3. R.W. Fessenden and R.H. Schuler in “Advances in Radiation Chemistry”, ed. by M. Burton and J.L. Magee,2, 1 (1970).

  4. H. Fisher in “Free Radicals”, ed. by J.K. Kochi, 2, 435 (1973).

  5. J.K.S. Wan, in “Advances in Photochemistry”, 9, in press (1974).

  6. H.M. McConnel and R.E. Robertson,J. Phys. Chem. 61, 1018 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R.O.C. Norman and R.J. Pritchett,Chem. Ind., 2040 (1965).

  8. J.H. Mackey and D.E. Wood,Mol. Phys.,18, 783 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. R.V. Lloyd and D.E. Wood,Mol. Phys. 20, 735 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Apparently the g value of the unsubstituted phenoxyl radical has not been reported in the literature, but those of subsituted phenoxyl radicals in the range 2.0045±0.0003; see for example, P.B. Ayscough and K.E. Russell,Can. J. Chem.,43, 3039 (1965);45, 3019 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S.W. Bennett, C. Eaborn, A. Hudson, R.A. Jackson and K.D.J. Root,J. Chem. Soc. (A), 348 (1970).

  12. R.L. Moorehouse, J.J. Christiansen and W. Gordy,J. Chem. Phys. 45, 1751 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R.W. Fessenden,J. Chem. Phys.,37, 747 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R.W. Fessenden,J. Magn. Res.,1, 277 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. H.M. McConnell, C. Heller, T. Cole and R.W. Fessenden,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,82, 766 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Cole and C. Heller,J. Chem. Phys.,34, 1085 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Bersohn,J. Chem. Phys.,24, 1066 (1956): S.I. Weissman,J. Chem. Phys.,25, 890 (1956); H.S. Jarrett,J. Chem. Phys.,26, 1289 (1956); H.M. McConnell,J. Chem. Phys.,24, 764 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Heller and T. Cole,J. Chem. Phys.,37, 243 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Carrington and I.C.P. Smith,Mol. Phys.,9, 137 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. See for example “Radical Ions”, Eds. E.I. Kaiser and L. Kevan, Interscience, N.Y. (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  21. R.W. Fessenden,J. Phys. Chem.,71, 74 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R.W. Fessenden and R.H. Schuler,J. Chem. Phys.,43, 2704 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Karplus and G.K. Fraenkel,J. Chem. Phys.,35, 1312 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Hess and J. Roncin,Mol, Phys.,19, 803 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. D.E. Wood and R.F. Sprecher,Mol. Phys.,26, 1311 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. G.K. Fraenkel,J. Phys. Chem.,71, 139 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P.W. Atkins, “Advances in Molecular Relaxation Processes,”2, 121 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J.R. Bolton and A. Carrington,Mol. Phys.,5, 161 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. R.W. Fessenden and R.H. Schuler,J. Chem. Phys.,39, 2147 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. E. Deboer and E.L. Mackor,Proc. Chem. Soc.,23, (1963);J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,86, 1513 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  31. N. Hirota and S.I. Weissman,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,86, 2537 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R.L. Ward and S.I. Weissman,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,79, 2086 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J.E. Harriman and A.H. Maki,J. Chem. Phys.,39, 778 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. E.L. Cochran, F.J. Adrian and V.A. Bowers,J. Chem. Phys.,40, 213 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P.H. Kasai and E.B. Whipple,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,89, 1033 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S. Nagai, S. Ohnishi and I. Nitta,Chem. Phys. Lett.,13, 379 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. E. deBoer and E.L. Mackor,J. Chem. Phys.,38, 1450 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. K.U. Ingold in “Free Radicals”, ed. by J.K. Kochi, I, 37 (1973).

  39. A.M. North, “The Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions in Liquids”, Methuen, London, 1964;Quart. Rev. (London),20, 421 (1966);Prog. High Polym.,2, 95 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  40. For example, P.S. Engel and P.D. Bartlett,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,92, 5883 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J.R. Fox and G.S. Hammond,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,86, 4031 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. S.F. Nelson and P.D. Bartlett,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,88, 143 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. G.L. Closs and A.D. Trifunac,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,91, 4554 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Kaptein, J. Hollander, D. Antheunis, and L.J. Oosterhoff,Chem-Commun., 1687 (1970).

  45. A.M. Trozzolo and S. Farenmozz,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,93, 251 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. K. Sôle and W.H. Stockmayer,J. Chem. Phys.,54, 2981 (1971);Int. J. Chem. Kinet.,5, 733 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. K.S. Schmitz and J.M. Schurr,J. Phys. Chem.,76, 534 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. G.B. Watts and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 491 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. R.W. Fessenden,J. Phys. Chem.,68, 1508 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. B. Smaller, J.R. Remko and E.C. Avery,J. Chem. Phys.,48, 5174 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. J.R. Roberts and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,93, 6686 (1971);94, 2159 (1972);95, 3228 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. H.J. Hefter, C.H.S. Wu and G.S. Hammond,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,95, 851 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. S.A. Weiner and G.S. Hammond,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,91, 986 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S.A. Weiner,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 581 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. The test for a diffusion-controlled reaction is complicated by the spin inversion and lack of accurate calculations as discussed in Section IIIA.

  56. S.K. Wong, W. Sytnyk and J.K.S. Wan,Can. J. Chem.,50, 3052 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. H. Vyas and J.K.S. Wan;Int. J. Chem. Kinet.,6, 125 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. D.F. McMillen, D.M. Golden and S.W. Benson,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 4403 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. G.S. Hammond and S.A. Weiner,Intra-Sci. Chem. Rep.,3, 241 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. P. Neta, R.W. Fessenden and R.H. Schuler,J. Phys. Chem.,75, 1654 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. B. Smaller, E.C. Avery and J.R. Remko,J. Chem. Phys.,55, 2414 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. J.J. Hefter, T.A. Hecht and G.S. Hammond,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 2793 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. L.R. Mahoney and S.A. Weiner,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 1412 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. K.U. Ingold,Acc. Chem. Res.,2, 1 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. J.A. Howard,Adv. Free Radical Chem.,4, 49 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  66. K. Adamic, D.F. Bowman, T. Gillan and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,93, 902 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. D.F. Bowman, J.L. Brokenshire, T. Gillan and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,93, 6551 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. D.F. Bowman, T. Gillan and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,93, 6555 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. J.L. Brokenshire, J.R. Roberts and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 7040 (1972); G.D. Mendenhall and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 95, 2963 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. See for example, A.R. Forrester, J.M. Hay, and R.H. Thomson, “Organic Chemistry of Stable Free Radicals”, Academic Press, New York, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  71. G.D. Mendenhall and K.U. Ingold,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,95, 3422 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. J.E. Bennett, B. Mile, A. Thomas and B. Ward,Adv. Phys. Org. Chem.,8, 2 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  73. B.C. Gilbert and R.O.C. Norman,J. Chem. Soc. (B), 722 (1966).

  74. W.H. Wolodarsky and J.K.S. Wan,Spectros. Lett.,6, 429 (1973).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. M.C.R. Symons,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,91, 5924 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. T. Kawamura, P.J. Krusic and J.K. Kochi,Tetrahedron Lett., 4075 (1972).

  77. P.B. Ayscough and R.C. Sealy,J. Photochem.,1, 83 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. R. Kaptein and J.L. Oosterhoff,Chem. Phys. Lett.,4, 195 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. P.W. Atkins and K.A. McLauchlan, in “Chemically Induced Magnetic Polarization”, ed. G.L. Closs and A.R. Lepley, Wiley and Sons, New York, (1973); pp. 41–93.

    Google Scholar 

  80. J.K.S. Wan, S.K. Wong and D.A. Hutchinson,Accounts of Chem. Research,7, 58 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. G.L. Closs,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,91, 4552 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. B. Smaller, J.R. Remko and E.C. Avery,J. Chem. Phys.,48, 5174 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. N.C. Verma and R.W. Fessenden,J. Chem. Phys.,58, 2501 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. H. Fischer and M. Lehnig,J. Phys. Chem.,75, 3410 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. S.K. Wong and J.K.S. Wan,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,94, 7197 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. D.A. Hutchinson, S.K. Wong, J.P. Colpa and J.K.S. Wan,J. Chem. Phys.,57, 3308 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. S.K. Wong, D.A. Hutchinson and J.K.S. Wan,Can. J. Chem.,52, 251 (1974);J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,95, 622 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. S.K. Wong, D.A. Hutchinson and J.K.S. Wan,J. Chem. Phys.,58, 985 (1973):60, 2987 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. G. Nilsson, H. Christensen, P. Pagsberg and S.O. Nielsen,J. Phys. Chem.,76, 1000 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. K. Eiben and R.W. Fessenden,J. Phys. Chem.,75, 1186 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. P. Neta, R.W. Fessenden and R.H. Schuler,ibid.,,75, 1654 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. B. Smaller, E.C. Avery and J.R. Remko,J. Chem. Phys.,55, 2414 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. R.W. Fessenden,J. Chem. Phys.,58, 2489 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. R. Livingston and H. Zeldes,J. Chem. Phys.,53, 1406 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. P.W. Atkins, I.C. Buchanan, R.C. Gurd, K.A. McLauchlan, and A.F. SimpsonChem. Commun., 513 (1970).

  96. P.W. Atkins, R.C. Gurd, K.A. McLauchlan and A.F. Simpson,Chem. Phys. Lett.,8, 55 (1971); P.W. Atkins, A.J. Dobbs and K.A. McLauchlan,Chem. Phys. Lett.,22, 209 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. S.K. Wong and J.K.S. Wan,J. Chem. Phys.,59, 3859 (1973).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. P.W. Atkins and G. T. Evans, to be published.

  99. P.W. Atkins, A.J. Dobbs, G.T. Evans, K.A. McLauchlan and P.W. Percival,Mol. Phys.,27, 769 (1974).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. R. Livingston and H. Zeldes,J. Chem. Phys.,44, 1245 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. P.H. Kasai, P.A. Clark and E.B. Whipple,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,92, 2640 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. P.H. Kasai, E. Hedaya and E.B. Whipple,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,91, 4364 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. E.L. Cochran, F.J. Adrian and V.A. Bowers,J. Chem. Phys.,44, 4626 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. P.J. Krusic and T.A. Rettig,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,92, 722 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. C.D. Cook and B.E. Norcross,J. Amer. Chem. Soc.,78, 3797 (1956);81, 1176 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. J.B. Pedersen and J.H. Freed,J. Chem. Phys.,62, 1706 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. F.J. Adrian,J. Chem. Phys.,61, 4875 (1974); B.B. Adeleke, K.Y. Choo and J.K.S. Wan,J. Chem. Phys.,62, 3822, (1975); A.J. Dobbs and K.A. McLauchlan,Chem. Phys. Lett.,30, 257 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. B.B. Adeleke and J.K.S. Wan, JCS Faraday I, to be published; J.B. Pedersen, C.E.M. Hansen, H. Parbo and L.T. Muus,J. Chem. Phys.,63, 2398 (1975).

  109. K.Y. Choo and J.K.S. Wan,J Am. Chem. Soc.,97, 7127 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. P.B. Ayscough, G. Lambert and A.J. Elliot, JCS Faraday I, to be published.

  111. H.M. Vyas and J.K.S. Wan,Can. J. Chem., to be published.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemitry, Queen’s University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, Canada

    J. K. S. Wan & S. K. Wong

Authors
  1. J. K. S. Wan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. K. Wong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wan, J.K.S., Wong, S.K. Electron spin resonance study of transient radicals in solution. Reviews on Reactive Species in Chemical Reactions 1, 227–260 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03155669

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03155669

Keywords

Search

Navigation