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Dementie: fysiologische basis en typologie

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Bijblijven

Samenvatting

De meest voorkomende oorzaak van dementie is de ziekte van Alzheimer. Deze aandoening wordt gekenmerkt door geheugenstoornissen in combinatie met stoornissen in taal (afasie), handelen (apraxie) en/of kennen en herkennen (agnosie). Een ander type is vasculaire dementie, een heterogene groep van aandoeningen die dementie veroorzaakt door kleine of grote infarcten. Een niet onbelangrijk deel van de patiënten met dementie heeft een gemengde vorm van vasculaire en alzheimerdementie. Een derde type, frontotemporale dementie, wordt gekenmerkt door gedragsstoornissen of taalproblemen en slechts in tweede instantie door geheugenstoornissen en executieve disfunctie. Tot slot behoren diffuse lewylichaampjesdementie en parkinsondementie tot één spectrum. Zij worden gekenmerkt door een vertraging van het redeneerproces, hallucinaties en een extrapiramidaal syndroom.

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    P. Cras

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Hoogleraar Neurologie, Instituut Born Bunge, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen

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Cras, P. Dementie: fysiologische basis en typologie. BIJB 25, 30–39 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03087679

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