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Verwerking van sociale informatie bij kinderen met pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen: theorieën en modellen

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Samenvatting

Problemen in de verwerking van sociale informatie staan centraal bij kinderen (en volwassenen) met pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen (pdd en pdd-nos). In dit artikel worden twee theorieën beschreven die deze informatieverwerkingsproblemen verklaren: de centrale coherentie-theorie en de Theory of Mind. De centrale coherentie-theorie veronderstelt dat kinderen met pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen minder goed zijn in het automatisch integreren van informatie tot een samenhangend en betekenisvol geheel. De Theory of Mind rust op de veronderstelling dat mensen beschikken over een naïeve psychologische theorie (de Theory of Mind) waarmee ze gedrag van anderen en zichzelf kunnen begrijpen. Kinderen met pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen hebben specifieke problemen in de ontwikkeling van een dergelijke theorie. Op basis van onder meer onderzoeksgegevens uit deze theoretische kaders concludeer ik dat beide modellen een zinvolle bijdrage leveren aan het begrijpen van de sociale en communicatieve problemen van kinderen met pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen, maar dat geen van beide theorieën toereikend is als verklaringsmodel. Het is waarschijnlijker dat verschillende informatieverwerkingsproblemen tegelijkertijd een rol kunnen spelen. Het is belangrijk beide theorieën verder te nuanceren en de relatie tussen de verschillende concepten te onderzoeken.

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    Marike Serra

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  1. Marike Serra
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Abstract

Processing social information is problematic for all children and adults with pervasive developmental disorders (pdd and pdd-nos). This paper describes two models that account for these social information-processing difficulties: the central coherence theory and the Theory of Mind theory. The central coherence theory supposes that the social and communicative problems of children with pdd are caused by an inability (or less optimal ability) to automatically integrate pieces of information into a meaningful whole. According to the Theory of Mind theory, people have a naive psychological theory (the Theory of Mind) that helps to understand the behaviour of self and others. Children with pervasive developmental disorders have specific problems in the development of a Theory of Mind. We conclude that both theories contribute to the understanding of the social and communicative problems of children with pdd, but neither of them explains all problems of all children with pdd. It is unlikely that the complex problems of children with pdd are explained by a single information-processing deficit. Probably, there can be different types of cognitive deficits at the same time. Future research has to focus on further developing each theory and especially on clarifying the relations between central coherence and Theory of Mind.

Dr. M. Serra is als wetenschappelijk onderzoeker verbonden aan het Academisch Centrum voor Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatrie te Groningen, onderdeel van Accare (Stichting Universitaire en Algemene Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatrie Noord-Nederland). Correspondentieadres: Academisch Centrum Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatrie, Postbus 660, 9700 AR Groningen.

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Serra, M. Verwerking van sociale informatie bij kinderen met pervasieve ontwikkelingsstoornissen: theorieën en modellen. DITH 22, 52–60 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03060279

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