Summary
1. Living yeast cells from 24-hr. agar slants were studied under ordinary, phase contrast and dark ground illumination. The majority of the cells in a population are non-budding, vacuolated and contain variable numbers of granules. The various cell types are described and illustrated.
2. The multi-vacuolate condition arises as a result of septation of a single vacuole. There are no canals connecting the vacuoles in a cell.
3. Evidence for the existence of a vacuolar membrane is adduced from observations under dark ground illumination. The vacuole encloses a dancing body in certain cells.
4. The glycogen areas are located outside the vacuole. The nucleus though not visible in living cells is revealed after fixation in dilute Lugol’s solution. It appears as a homogeneous body situated outside the vacuole.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aswatha Narayana, N. V. “The Vacuole in Yeast,”Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1956,43 B, 314–24.
Brandt, K... “Physiologische Chemie und Cytologie der Presshefe,”Protoplasma, 1941,36, 77–119.
Carleton, H. M. and Leach, E. H.Histological Technique, Oxford University Press, 1938.
Chambers, R. and Hofler, K. “Micrurgical Studies on the Tonoplast ofAllium cepa,”Protoplasma, 1931,12, 338–55.
Guilliermond, A...The Yeasts (Trans. F. W. Tanner), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1920.
----- ..The Cytoplasm of the Plant Cell, Chronica Botanica Co., 1941.
Hartmann, P. E. and Liu, C. “Comparative Cytology of wild typeSaccharomyces and a respirationally deficient mutant,”J. Bact., 1954,67, 77–85.
Lietz, K... “Beitrag zur Hefecytologie,”Archiv. f. Mikrobiol., 1951,16, 275–302.
Lindegren, C. C...the Yeast Cell, its Genetics and Cytology, Educational Publishers, Inc., St. Louis, 1949.
—————.. “The Structure of the Yeast Cell,”Symp. Soc. Expl. Biol., 1952,6, 277–89.
—— and Rafalko, M. M. “The Structure of the nucleus ofSaccharomyces bayanus,”Expl. Cell. Res., 1950,1, 169–87.
——, McClary, D. O. and Williams, M. A. “The Location of Metaphosphate in the Yeast Cell,”Cytologia, 1955,20, 185–96.
——, Williams, M. A. and McClary, D. O. “The Distribution of Chromatin in Budding Yeast Cells,”Antonie van Leeuvenhoek, 1956,22, 1–20.
Nagel, L... “A Cytological Study of Yeast,”Ann. Mo. Bot. Gdn., 1946,33, 249–88.
Saraswathy Royan.. “Structures revealed by Dark Ground Illumination in Living Yeast,”Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1956,44 B, 171–176.
Subramaniam, M. K... “On the Identification of the Various Structures in the Yeast Cell,”J. Ind. Inst. Sci., 1952,34, 11–23.
Wager, H... “The Nucleus of the Yeast Plant,”Ann. Bot., 1898,12, 449–543.
—— and Peniston, A... “Cytological Observations on the Yeast Plant,” ibid., 1910,24, 45–83.
Widra, A. and DeLamater, E. D. “The Cytology of Meiosis inSchizosaccharomyces octosporus,”Am. J. Bot., 1955,42, 423–35.
Winge, O. and Roberts, C. “Causes for Deviations from 2:2 segregations in the Tetrads of Monohybrid Yeasts,”C.R. Lab. Carlsberg. Ser. Physiol., 1954,25, 285–327.
Yotsuyanagi, Y... “Mitochondria and Refractive Granules in the Yeast Cell,”Nature, 1955,176, 1208.
Zirkle, C... “The Plant Vacuole,”Bot. Rev., 1937,3, 1–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by Dr. M. K. Subramaniam,f.a.sc.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thyagarajan, T.R. Some observations on the living cells ofSaccharomyces carlsbergensis from twenty four-hour agar slants with phase contrast and dark ground illumination. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 44, 278–288 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03051016
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03051016