Skip to main content
Log in

Anatomy of the mature embryo and seedling ofPicea smithiana (Wall) Boiss

  • Published:
Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences

Abstract

The anatomy of the mature embryo and 34-day old seedling ofPicea smithiana (Wall) Boiss. has been described. The organization of the shoot and root apices in both is similar. The shoot apex shows five cytohistological zones, where the entire surface layer shows periclinal divisions and a small subapical initials zone. In the radicular and root apices there is a common initiating zone for the stele and columella in the centre surrounded by another common initiating zone for the cortex and peripheral region of the root cap. In the mature embryo thekappe divisions of the protoderm resulting in the peripheral region of the cap can be noted, which, however, disappear in the root of the seedling. The 34-day old seedling shows a root-hypocotyl-cotyledon vasculature without any connection with the shoot, where no vasculature has yet developed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, G. S., Embryogeny and the development of the apical meristems ofPseudotsuga—II.Amer. J. Bot. 34 73–80 (1947a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allen, G. S., Embryogeny and the development of the apical meristems ofPseudotsuga—III.Amer. J. Bot. 34 204–211 (1947b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Sherifi, K. A.,Histological Studies on the Shoot Apices and Leaves of Certain Cupressaceae. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Calif., Berkeley (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • *Bonnier, G., Sur l’ordre de formation des elements du cylindre central dans la racine et la tige.C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris t.131 781 (1900a).

    Google Scholar 

  • *Bonnier, G., Sur la differentiation de tissue vasculaire de le feulle et de la tige.C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris. t.131 1276 (1900b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchholz, J. T. and Old, E. M., The anatomy of the embryo ofCedrus in the dormant stage.Amer. J. Bot. 20 35–44 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Chauveaud, G., De l’existence d’elements precurseurs des tubes cribles chez les Gymnsopermes.C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 134 1605–1606 (1902).

    Google Scholar 

  • *Chauveaud, G., L’appareil conducteur des plantes vasculaires et les phases principales de son evolution.Ann. Sci. Nat. IX Bot. 13 113–138 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, G. L., The structure and development of the apical meristem in the shoots ofTaxodium distichum.Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66 431–452 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cross, G. L., A comparison of the shoot apices of the sequoias.Amer. J. Bot. 30 130–142 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eames, A. J. and MacDaniels, L. H.,An Introduction to Plant Anatomy. 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, A. S., Structure and growth of the shoot apex inGinkgo biloba.Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65 531–536 (1938).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, A. S., Problems of structure, growth and evolution in the shoot apex of seed plants.Bot. Rev. 5 454–470 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, R. A. and Romberger, J. A., The shoot apical ontogeny of thePicea abies seedling—I. Anatomy, apical dome diameter and plastochron duration.Amer. J. Bot. 59 587–597 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackman, V. A., The shoot apex of some New Zealand gymnosperms.Phytomorphology 10 145–157 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, D. A.,Plant Microtechnique. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, M. A., The shoot apex in gymnosperms.Phytomorphology 1 188–204 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, M., Morphological and ontogenetic studies onTorreya californica—The vegetative apex of the megasporangiate tree.Amer. J. Bot. 30 504–517 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korody, E., Studien am Spross-Vegetationspunkt vonAbies concolor, Picea excelsa undPinus montana.Beitrage Biol. Pflanzen 25 23–59 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, A., Structure of the shoot apex in some Cupressaceae.Phyton (Redactio), Austria 10 261–271 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, A., Root apical organization in gymnosperms—some conifers.Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 91 1–13 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, A., Root apical organization in gymnosperms—Root apex ofEphedra foliata, with a tenta tive suggestion on the possible evolutionary trend in the root apical structures in gymnosperms.Planta 70 26–33 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, S. K., Structure and seasonal study of the shoot apex of someCupressus species.New Phytol. 62 335–341 (1963a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, S. K., Zonal structure and seasonal variations in the shoot apex ofPodocarpus gracilior.Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 57B 58–67 (1963b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, S. K., Structure and seasonal study of the shoot apex of two species ofAraucaria.Oester. Bot. Zeits. 111 273–284 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riding, R. T., Early ontogeny of seedlings ofPinus radiata.Canad. J. Bot. 50 2381–2387 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sacher, J. A., Structure and seasonal activity of the shoot apices ofPinus lambertiana andPinus ponderosa.Amer. J. Bot. 41 749–759 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J. M., The embryology ofLarix.Ill. Biol. Monogr. 19 1–97 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah, J. J. and Thulsi, K. S., Shoot apical organization ofPicea smithiana.Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 65B 177–180 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H., Seasonal variation in the shoot apex ofCephalotaxus drupacea.Phytomorphology 11 146–153 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, H. B., Dimensional and zonational variation in the dormant shoot apices ofPinus ponderosa.Amer. J. Bot. 50 589–596 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tepper, H. B., Ontogeny of the shoot apex of seedlings ofPinus ponderosa.Amer. J. Bot. 51 859–865 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Sterckz, R., Recherches anatomiques sur L’embryon et les plantes dans la famille des Ranunculacees.Mem. Soc. Roy Sci., Liege III series, t. II (1900).

  • Thoday, D., The interpretation of plant structure.Nature (London) 144 571–575 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Van Tieghem, P.,Traite de Botanique 2nd Ed. Paris (1891).

  • Wilcox, H. E., Growth studies of the root of incense cedar,Libocedrus decurrens—1. The origin and development of primary tissues.Amer. J. Bot. 49 221–231 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by Prof. V. Puri, F.A.Sc.

This work has been financed in part by a grant made by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, authorised by Public Law 480.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Venkataratnam, K., Chacko, B., Deshpande, B.D. et al. Anatomy of the mature embryo and seedling ofPicea smithiana (Wall) Boiss. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 81, 101–110 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050750

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03050750

Keywords

Navigation