Abstract
Assessment of the role of the hypophysis, adrenals and thyroid in the carbohydrate metabolism of the snake,Natrix piscator has been done. Extirpation of these glands separately in the fasting snakes caused significant decline of glycemic level.
The degree of alleviation of the diabetes is highest in hypophysectomised-pancreatectomised snakes and least in pancreatectomised-thyroidectomised animals, that of pancreatectomised-adrenalectomised animals occupying an intermediate position. Of the three endocrine glands, namely, thyroid, adrenals and hypophysis removal of any two also caused a striking attenuation of pancreatic diabetes. In depancreatised animals deprived of adrenals and thyroid glands the glycemic level is maintained above normal which is related to the hypophysial influence. However, retention of either the thyroid or adrenals alone with the other two endocrines removed produced a drastic decrease of glycemia below normal. These observations show that the hypophysis plays a major role in opposing the action of insulin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnes, B. O. and Regan, J. F., 1933. As cited by Houssay, 1942.
Campbell, J., Davidson, I. W. F. and Lie, H. P. “The production of permanent diabetes by highly purified growth hormone,”Endocrinology, 1950,46, 588.
Chambers, W. H., Sweet, J. E. and Chandler, J. P. 1935. As cited by Houssay, 1942.
Cotes, P. M., Reid, E. and Young, F. G. “Diabetogenic action of pure anterior pituitary growth hormone,”Nature, 1949,164, 209.
Dosne, Ch... “Study of interrelationship of pancreatic diabetes with endocrine glands in the toad,”Endocrinology, 1943,33, 224.
Evans, H. M., Mayer, K., Simpson, M. E. and Reichert, F. L. “Disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in normal dogs injected with hypophysial growth hormone,”Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. & Med., 1932,29, 857.
Foglia, V. G., Wagner, E. M., De Barros, M. and Marques, M. “Le diabete por pancreatectomia en la tortue normal e hypofisopriva,”Rev. Soc. argent. Biol., 1955,31, 8.
Hawk, P. B., Oser, L. and Summerson, W. H.Practical Physiological Chemistry. The Maple Press Company, New York, 1954.
Houssay, B. A. 1929. .. As cited by Houssay, 1942.
————— 1929... “Carbohydrate metabolism,”New Eng. J. Med., 1936,214, 971.
Houssay, B. A., 1929.. “Advancement of the knowledge of the role of hypophysis in carbohydrate metabolism during the last twenty-five years,”Endocrinology, 1942,30, 884.
—— and Anderson, E... “Diabetogenic action of purified anterior pituitary hormone,”Ibid., 1949,45, 627.
—— and Biasotti, A... “Hypophysectomie et diabete pancreatique chez le crapaud,”C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, 1930a,104, 407.
—————.. “--Hypofisectomiay diabetes pancreatic en el sapo,”Rev. Soc. argent. Biol., 1930b,6, 8.
—————.. “Hypophysektomie und pankreas diabetes bie der kröte,”Pflüg, Arch ges. Physiol., 1931,227, 239.
—————.. “Influence dela hipofisisy la suprarenal sobre la diabetes pancreatica del sapo,”Rev. Soc. argent. Biol., 1936,12, 104.
--, --, Di Benedetto, E. and Rietti, C. T., 1932a As cited by Houssay, 1942.
-----. 1932b .. As cited by Houssay, 1942.
——, Di Benedetto, E. and Mazzocco, P. “Hypophyse et glycogene chez la crapaud,”C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris, 1933,113, 465.
——, Mazzocco, P. M. and Rietti, C. T. “La glycemie et la glycogene chez les crapauds apres hypophysectomie ou lesion du cerveau,”Ibid., 1925,93, 967.
—— and Penhos, J. C... “Pancreatic diabetes and hypophysectomy in the snake,Xenodon merremii,”Acta Endocrinologica, 1960,35, 313.
Long, C. N. H. and Lukens, F. D. W. “Effects of adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy on experimental diabetes in the cat,”J. Exp. Med., 1936,63, 465.
Miahle, P... “Importance du glucagon dan le regulation la glycemie chez le canard,”C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1955,241, 1851.
Miller, M. R... “Pancreatic islet histology and carbohydrate metabolism in amphibians and reptiles,”Diabetes, 1960,9, 318.
—— and Wurster, D. H... “Further studies on the blood glucose and pancreatic islets of lizards,”Endocrinology, 1958,58, 114.
Penhos, J. C., Houssay, B. A. and Lujan, M. A. “Total pancreatectomy in lizards. Effects of several hormones,”Ibid., 1965,76, 989.
—— and Lavintman, N... “Total pancreatectomy in toads: Effects of hypophysectomy and glucagon,”Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 1964,4, 264.
——, Wu, C. H., Reitman, A., Sodero, E., White, R. and Levine, R. “Effects of several hormones after total pancreatectomy in alligators,”Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 1967,8, 32.
Rangneker, P. V. and Sabnis, P. B. “Effects of pancreatectomy, hypophysectomy and both on the blood sugar levels in the frog,Rana tigrina (Daud.),”J. Anim. Morphol. Physiol., 1966a,13, 78.
—————.. “Glycemic changes in the lizard,Varanus monitor following pancreatectomy and hypophysectomy,”Indian J. Exp. Biol., 1966b,4, 226.
Riet Correa, P... “Accion de la glucose sobre el sapo normal e hypofisopriva,”Rev. Soc. argent. Biol., 1945,21, 1.
Russell, J. A... “The relation of the anterior pituitary to carbohydrate metabolism,”Physiol. Rev., 1938,18, 1.
Slome, D... “The diabetogenic hormone of the pituitary gland,”J. Exp. Biol., 1936,13, 1.
Soskin, S., 1941 .. As cited by Houssay, 1942.
Zwarenstein, H. and Bosman, L. P. “The influence of hypophysectomy on the blood sugar and glucose tolerance inXenopus laevis,”Quart. J. Exp. Physiol., 1932,22, 45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by Dr. D. V. Bal,f.a.sc.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Padgaonkar, A.S., Rangneker, P.V. Influence of ablation of the endocrine organs on the course of pancreatic diabetes in the water snake,Natrix piscator (Russell). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 75, 65–76 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045557
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045557