Abstract
The skeleton and the musculature of the pelvic region has been studied in detail inUperodon systoma (Schn.), so as to understand the diversity in structure in relation to the functional demands.
The pelvic girdle is characterised by the absence of the iliac crest and the presence of an anteriorly placed cartilago-iliac appendage.
The ilia do not articulate firmly with the sacrum, but their anterior extremities along with the cartilago-iliac appendages lie beneath the sacral diapophyses, thus providing flat surfaces for the sacro-iliac joint.
The processus superior, due to the absence of the iliac crest, is present as a prominent protuberance on the dorsal side of the ala.
The ilia participate neither in the formation of spina pelvis anterior nor in the spina pelvis posterior.
The pubes in some older specimens show a little ossification.
The ischia bear a small protuberance on its outer ventral border adjacent to the pubes.
The tibio-fibula bears at its proximal end an oval deep notch—the cruris notch for the condyle of the fcmur. This joint does not allow full stretchening of the hind limb.
A rudimentary spina ossis coccygealis is present on the dorsal surface of the urostyle.
The ilio-lumbaris has a spreaded origin partly from the ilium and mainly from the dorso-lateral surface of the cartilago-iliac appendage.
The iliacus externus, due to the absence of the iliac crest, originates from almost whole of the dorsal and dorso-lateral surfaces of the ala.
The iliacus internus consists of two portions—the portio I and portio II.
The triceps femoris consists of two portions—the caput anticum orM. cruralis and the caput posticum orM. glutaeus magnus.
The are four distinct muscles comparable with those reported by Gaupp5 inRana esculenta in place of three described by Devanesen9. As such, the three muscles described by Devanesen9 are adductor longus which is the actually the pectineus, pectineus is obturator externus and adductor bravis described by him as a single muscle, consists of two muscles—the gemellus and the quadratus femoris.
The gracilis minor consists of two distinct parts—the gracilis minor internus and the gracilis minor externus. The latter adheres on the inner surface of the skin of the posterior dorso-ventral side of the thigh.
The rectus abdominis consists of two portions—the portio internus and the portio externus, originating separately from the ischium. The portio internus has three inscriptio-tendinea. The portio externus adheres on the inner surface of the skin throughout its course.
The coccygeo-iliacus posterior and coccygeo-cutaneus are present.
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Communicated by Professor Beni Charan Mahendra,f.a.sc.
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Shukla, V.N. Musculature of the pelvic region ofUperodon systoma (Schn.). Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. 83, 26–45 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045471
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03045471