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Gesundheitsförderung und kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren

Health promotion and cardiovascular risk factors: Knowledge among 510 cardiologic patients hospitalized in an acute care ward

Über den Wissensstand von 510 Patienten einer kardiologischen Akutklinik

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Zusammenfassung

□ Patienten und Methode

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 510 Patienten einer kardiologischen Akutklinik bezüglich ihres Wissens um kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren am Tag der Aufnahme und zum Zeitpunkt der Entlassung befragt. Mittels eines neu entwickelten Fragebogens wurden neben den allgemein anerkannten Risikofaktoren auch mehr oder weniger unwahrscheinliche Antwortmöglichkeiten vorgegeben. Das Antwortverhalten jedes Patienten wurde in einem Summenwert ausgedrückt.

□ Ergebnisse

Der Wissensstand der Patienten ist im allgemeinen niedrig: Von den Befragten gab ein fünftel nicht an, daß Übergewicht, hohes Cholesterin und Rauchen schädlich für die Herzkranzgefäße sind. Über 30% kreuzten arterielle Hypertonie, knapp zwei Drittel Diabetes mellitus nicht an. Es fand sich keine Änderung des Wissensstands im Laufe des stationären Aufenthalts trotz standardisierter, intensiver Aufklärungsgespräche. Die Ergebnisse des Entlassungsfragebogens entsprachen denen bei Aufnahme. Auch mehrfache Krankenhausaufenthalte trugen nicht zu einem höheren Wissensstand bei. Patienten mit einer diagnostizierten koronaren Herzkrankheit hatten keine besseren Werte als Patienten, die wegen einer anderen Krankheit behandelt wurden. Auch das tatsächliche Vorliegen eines Risikofaktors hatte nur wenig Einfluß auf das Wissen.

□ Schlußfolgerung

Aus diesen Ergebnissen leitet sich emeut die Forderung nach besserer Aufklärung der Patienten ab. Die Daten zeigen aber auch, daß ein stationärer Aufenthalt in einer Akutklinik mit mehreren Gesprächen über dieses Thema den Wissensstand nicht verbessern kann. Es müssen demnach neue Wege gesucht werden, um Patienten über die kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren aufzuklären.

Abstract

□ Patients and Methods

A total of 510 patients hospitalized on a cardiologic ward were questioned on cardiovascular disease risk factors using a questionnaire. The knowledge on these risk factors was assessed with a score system.

□ Results

Knowledge of patients on cardiovascular disease risk factors was generally low: One out of 5 did not know about the consequences of obesity, high blood cholesterol or smoking on the coronary vessels. Over 30% did not name hypertension. Only 1 out of 3 patients mentioned diabetes mellitus as a risk factor. There was no change in the knowledge during the hospital stay despite a standardized and intensive information program. The results of the second survey on the day of discharge were equal to the results of the admission day. Hospital stays in the past had no influence on the knowledge. Patients with a diagnosed coronary heart disease had the same results in the survey as patients with other diseases. The presence of risk factors had hardly any influence on the knowledge of these patients.

□ Conclusion

The result of this study emphasizes the need for better health information for patients. The repetitive information on health related issues during inpatient treatment does not seem to have a positive effect on patients’ knowledge. Therefore other ways of health education have to be introduced and evaluated in acute care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken „Bergmannsheil”, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789, Bochum

    Henning Thomas Baberg, Gerd Kahrmann, Waldemar Bojara, Bernd Lemke, Stephan von Dryander & Jürgen Barmeyer

  2. Medizinische Kliniken II, Städtische Kliniken, Friedrichshafen

    Detlev Jäger

  3. Abteilung für Pneumologie, Allergologie und Schlafmedizin, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Deutschland

    Justus de Zeeuw

  4. Abteilung für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Fakultät der TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland

    Joachim Kugler

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  1. Henning Thomas Baberg
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Correspondence to Henning Thomas Baberg.

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Baberg, H.T., Jäger, D., Kahrmann, G. et al. Gesundheitsförderung und kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren. Med Klin 95, 75–80 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044987

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044987

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