Skip to main content
Log in

Aptamere: ein neuer Ansatz für Interventionsstudien und zur Entwicklung zukünftiger Therapieansätze

Aptamers: a novel approach to intervention studies and the development of novel therapeutic approaches

  • Published:
Medizinische Klinik Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

□ In raschem Tempo werden immer neue Faktoren identifiziert, die möglicherweise pathogenetisch bedeutsam sind. Zur Charakterisierung der pathogenetischen Relevanz eines Einzelfaktors sind in der Regel spezifische Interventionsstudien in vivo notwendig. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine neue Klasse von spezifischen Inhibitoren, die sogenannten Aptamere, vorgestellt. Aptamere (abgeleitet vom lateinischen “aptus”=passend) sind kurze DNA- oder RNA-Oligomere, die über ihre dreidimensionale Struktur hochaffin und sehr spezifisch an Liganden binden und dadurch beispielsweise deren biologische Funktion inhibieren können. Aptamere sind gegen eine Vielzahl verschiedener Moleküle, von Aminosäuren bis zu komplexen Proteinen und selbst Disacchariden, synthetisiert worden. Am Beispiel des „Platelet-Derived Growth Factor” (PDGF) und eines Glomerulonephritis-Modells in der Ratte wird der Effekt eines antagonistischen Aptamers gegen PDGF-B in vivo beschrieben. Solche Untersuchungen werden wesentlich dazu beitragen, die Rolle bestimmter Mediatoren in vivo aufzuklären und neue Therapiestrategien zu entwickeln.

Abstract

□ A rapidly growing number of factors is identified that might contribute to disease. To characterize the pathogenetic relevance of a particular factor, specific intervention studies in vivo appear necessary. The present discussion deals with a new class of inhibitors, i.e. aptamers. Aptamers (derived from the latin word “aptus”= fitting) are short DNA or RNA oligomers which can bind to a given ligand with high affinity and specificity due to their particular three-dimensional structure and which may thereby, for example, antagonize the biological function of the ligand. Aptamers have been generated against a large variety of molecules ranging from amino acids to complex proteins and even disaccharides. Using platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and an experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis as a model, we describe the in vivo effects of an antagonistic aptamer against PDGF-B. Such studies will greatly aid the identification of the biological role of particular mediators and ultimately the design of novel therapeutic strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Eaton BE. The joys of in vitro selection: chemically dressing oligonucleotides to satiate protein targets. Curr Opin Chem Biol 1997;1:10–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Eaton BE, Gold L, Hicke BJ, et al. Post-SELEX combinatorial optimization of aptamers. Bioorg Med Chem 1997;5:1087–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Ellington AD, Szostak JW. In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature 1990;346:818–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Famulok M. Molecular recognition of amino acids by RNA-aptamers: an L-citrulline binding RNA motif and its evolution into an L-arginine binder. J Am Chem Soc 1994;116:1698–1706.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Floege J, Johnson RJ. Multiple roles for platelet-derived growth factor in renal disease. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1995;21:271–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Floege J, Ostendorf T, Janssen U, et al. A novel approach to specific growth factor inhibition in vivo: antagonism of PDGF in glomerulonephritis by aptamers. Am J Pathol 1999;154:169–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gold L, Polisky B, Uhlenbeck O, Yarus M. Diversity of oligonucleotide functions. Annu Rev Biochem 1995;64:763–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Griffin LC, Tidmarsh GF, Bock LC, Toole JJ, Leung LL. In vivo anticoagulant properties of a novel nucleotide-based thrombin inhibitor and demonstration of regional anticoagulation in extracorporeal circuits. Blood 1993;81:3271–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hicke BJ, Watson SR, Koenig A, et al. DNA aptamers block L-selectin function in vivo. Inhibition of human lymphocyte trafficking in SCID mice. J Clin Invest 1996;98:2688–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Johnson RJ, Raines EW, Floege J, et al. Inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation and matrix expansion in glomerulonephritis in the rat by antibody to platelet-derived growth factor. J Exp Med 1992;175:1413–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nolte A, Klussmann S, Bald R, Erdmann VA, Furste JP. Mirror-design of L-oligonucleotide ligands binding to L-arginine. Nat Biotechnol 1996;14:1116–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Osborne SE, Ellington AD. Nucleic acid selection and the challenge of combinatorial chemistry. Chem Rev 1997;97:349–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tuerk C, Gold L. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. Science 1990;249:505–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yang Q, Goldstein IJ, Mei HY, Engelke DR. DNA ligands that bind tightly and selectively to cellobiose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:5462–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jürgen Floege.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ostendorf, T., Floege, J. Aptamere: ein neuer Ansatz für Interventionsstudien und zur Entwicklung zukünftiger Therapieansätze. Med Klin 94, 219–223 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044858

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044858

Schlüsselwörter

Key words

Navigation