Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Untersuchung war eine kritische Hinterfragung der Methode des Replantierens totalluxierter unreifer bleibender Zähne anhand kurz- und mittelfristiger Ergebnisse. 39 entsprechende Zähne wurden nach durchschnittlich 2,5 Jahren nachuntersucht; nur 7 (18%) der Zähne waren innerhalb von 5 min nach der Totalluxation wieder replantiert worden. 16 (41%) Zähne zeigten eine Revaskularisation oder einen Ersatz der Pulpa durch Alveolarknochen. 22 (56%) Zähne zeigten Zeichen von Ankylose, 6 (15%) waren verlorengegangen. 17 (77%) ankylotische Zähne wiesen einen Rückstand im Alveolarknochenwachstum auf, der ca. 1,5 mm pro 10 cm Körpergröße ausmachte: die durchschnittliche jährliche Verlustrate an Wurzeldentin durch Ersatzresorption betrug in einer planimetrischen Darstellung ca. 15%. Ästhetisch schwerwiegende Verfärbungen fanden sich bei 11 Zähnen (33%). Trotz des hohen therapeutischen Aufwands und der erzielten Teilerfolge müssen die Ergebnisse auf lange Sicht als unbefriedigend klassifiziert werden, so daß bei der Totalluxation eines unreifen bleibenden Zahns die Replantation zumeist nur als Zwischenlösung zu betrachten ist. Da der Hauptgrund für einen Mißerfolg in der zu langen Extraoralzeit unter unphysiologischen Bedingungen zu sehen ist, sollte die sofortige Replantation durch den Laienhelfer am Unfallort als Erste-Hilfe-Maßnahme propagiert werden, um die Grundsituation der Replantate zu verbessern. Auch dem Einsatz von Zellnährlösungen vor der Replantation sollte mehr Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden.
Summary
The aim of this investigation was a critical assessment of the short- and medium-term results of replantation of immature, avulsed permanent teeth. Thirty-nine teeth were investigated after 2.5 years on average. Only 7 teeth (18%) had been replanted within 5 min after avulsion. Sixteen teeth (41%) showed revascularisation or ingrowth of alveolar bone into the pulp. Twenty-two teeth (56%) showed signs of ankylosis, 6 (15%) had been exfoliated or extracted. Seventeen teeth (77% of the ankylotic ones) exhibited an alveolar growth arrest of 1.5 mm per 10 cm body growth. By planimetric assessment, the yearly loss of root dentin by replacement resorption was about 15%. The appearance was compromised in 11 cases (33%) by severe discoloration. In spite of intense therapeutic effort and partial success, the results must be classified as unsatisfactory. In avulsions of immature permanent teeth, replantation therefore has to be considered an intermediate solution. Since the main reason for a failure is extended extra-oral unphysiologic storage, replantation by lay helpers immediately after the accident should be propagated as a first-aid treatment to improve the situation of the replanted tooth. In addition, more attention should be paid to preserving teeth in tissue cultures before replantation.
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Ebeleseder, K.A., Friehs, S., Ruda, C. et al. Replantation totalluxierter unreifer bleibender Zähne. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 1, 340–345 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043580
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043580