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Endovaskuläre Therapie akut symptomatischer vertebrobasilärer Aneurysmen

Endovascular therapy of ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysms

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Zusammenfassung

Von 1992 bis 1997 wurden 75 Patienten mit 76 vertebrobasilären Aneurysmen (ein Posterior-, 20 Vertebralis-, drei Aneurysmen der mittleren Basilaris, zwei Cerebelli-superior- und 50 Basilariskopfaneurysmen) nach einer Subarachnoidalblutung endovaskulär therapiert. Die Ausschaltung der Aneurysmen wurde bis auf eine Ausnahme in einem Therapieschritt erreicht, wobei neun vertebrobasiläre Aneurysmen mit einer Ballonokklusion sowie 67 mit «Guglielmi detachable coils» (GDC) behandelt wurden. Das angestrebte Ziel einer kompletten Ausschaltung des Aneurysmas mit einer einzigen Behandlung wurde lediglich in einem Fall bei Verwendung von GDC nicht erreicht. Zwei weitere Patienten (mit GDC-Therapie) wurden nachbehandelt, einer nach zwölf Monaten, der andere — ein «noncompliant patient» — nach 33 Monaten aufgrund einer akuten Rezidivsubarachnoidalblutung. Ein gutes bis sehr gutes klinisches Behandlungsresultat wurde in 76% erzielt. Die Mortalität betrug 12%. Patienten mit einem initialen Hunt-u.-Hess-(H&H-)Stadium 4 und 5 zeigten in 57% ein gutes bis sehr gutes Therapieergebnis. Follow-up: Nach GDC wurden im Abstand von mindestens einem Jahr 28 Patienten angiographisch kontrolliert, davon wurden drei Patienten nachbehandelt.

Die endovaskuläre Behandlung von akuten vertebrobasilären Aneurysmen ist eine früh einsetzbare, im bisherigen mittleren Beobachtungszeitraum von 15 Monaten effektive Therapieform, die gerade bei den prognostisch ungünstigen H&H-Stadien 4 und 5 gute klinische Resultate zeigte. Bei Verwendung von GDC muß die Langzeiteffizienz weiterhin kontrolliert werden.

Abstract

Seventy-five patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were studied. The patients were evaluated and found to have 76 vertebrobasilar aneurysms (1 posterior aneurysm, 20 vertebral aneurysms, 2 cerebelli posterior and 53 basilar aneurysms [50 tip and 3 middle segment]). All but one underwent a single session of endovascular treatment: 9 with balloon occlusion and 67 with Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC). All but one showed complete or near complete radiological occlusion. Two patients experienced recurrences, one at 12 and another at 33 months post GDC treatment. Clinical results ranged from good to very good in 76% cases per Glasgow Outcome Scale. Overall mortality was 12%. Of the patients initially presenting with a Hunt and Hess (H&H) Grade of 4 or 5, 56% ranged clinically good to very good. Follow-up: Out of 28 patients GCD-treated as well as monitored angiographically for longer than a year, 3 were retreated. Mean follow-up was 15 months.

Patients presenting with an H&H Grade of 4 or 5 usually have a poor prognosis. This study showed that good clinical results may still be achieved in such cases. Therefore, endovascular treatment post subarachnoid hemorrhage is therapeutically effective, particularly in the acute phase. Long-term studies (follow-up>15 months) on GDC treatment of vertebrobasilar aneurysms remain to be carried out.

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Correspondence to Christoph Groden.

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Groden, C., Freitag, HJ., Koch, C. et al. Endovaskuläre Therapie akut symptomatischer vertebrobasilärer Aneurysmen. Klin Neuroradiol 8, 70–77 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043483

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043483

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