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Late Early Devonian (Late Emsian) eospiriferinid brachiopods from Shellabarger Pass, south-central Alaska, and their biogeographic importance; further evidence for a Siberian origin of the Farewell and allied Alaskan accreted terranes

Eospiriferinide Brachiopoden vom spät unterdevonischen (oberes Ems) Shellabarger Pass, südliches Zentral-Alaska, und ihre biogeographische Bedeutung; weitere Belege für eine sibirische Herkunft der Farewell und verwandter Formationen Alaskas

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Abstract

Two eospiriferinid taxa,Myriospirifer n. sp. aff.M. myriofila Havlíček 1978 andJanius cf.J. vetulus (Eichwald 1860), are described from an unnamed late Emsian (late Early Devonian) limestone unit in the Shellabarger Pass area, Talkeetna C-6 Quadrangle, south-central Alaska. These biogeographically distinctive species, along with other co-occurring brachiopod taxa such as the gypidulinid genusIvdelinia and the rhynchonellidSibirirhynchia alata (Khodalevich) indicate strong biogeographic affinities with Emsian faunas of Siberia (including Kolyma, Taimyr, and the Kuznetsk Basin) and the Urals. This Alaskan fauna is from the Farewell Terrane, an accreted terrane, which also shows strong Siberian affinities in the Middle Cambrian, Late Ordovician, Late Silurian-Lochkovian, early Emsian (late Early Devonian), and Permian time-intervals, suggesting that the Farewell Terrane is a continental margin sequence rifted away from the Siberian continent. Based on their close faunal ties with Siberia and with the Farewell Terrane, Siberian origins are also indicated for other major Alaskan terranes: the Alexander Terrane of southeastern Alaska, the Arctic Alaska Superterrane, and the York Terrane of northern Alaska. The only truly North American portion of Alaska is east-central Alaska (including the Nation Arch), bounded on the north by the Porcupine River and on the south by the Yukon River and Tintina Fault. Faunas from the latter area are nearly identical to those from miogeoclinal and cratonic strata of northwestern and Arctic Canada, and are very distinct from those present in the accreted terranes making up the greater portion of Alaska.

Kurzfassung

Zwei eospiriferinide Taxa,Myriospirifer n. sp. aff.M. myriofila Havlíček 1978 undJanius cf.J. vetulus (Eichwald 1860) werden von einer nicht weiter benannten Kalkstein Einheit des oberen Ems (spätes Unterdevon) aus dem Gebiet des Shellabarger Pass, Talkeetna C-6 Planquadrat, südliches Zentral Alaska, beschrieben. Diese biogeographisch charakteristischen Arten, zusammen mit anderen Brachiopoden-Taxa aus der Vergesellschaftung, wie Vertreter der gypiduliniden GattungIvdelinia und der RhynchonellideSibirirhynchia alata (Khodalevich), lassen eine starke biogeographische Beziehung zu Faunen des Ems von Sibirien (einschließlich Kolyma, Taimyr und das Kuznetsk Becken) und des Urals erkennen. Die hier beschriebene Fauna Alaskas stammt aus der Farewell-Formation, einer Formation, die bereits im Mittelkambrium, im oberen Ordoviz, im oberen Silur-Lochkovium, im unteren Emsium (spätes Unterdevon) und in den permischen Zeitabschnitten starke Beziehungen zu sibirischen Faunen aufwies. Dies legt die Vermutung nahe, daß es sich bei der Farewell-Formation um eine randliche, kontinentale Abfolge handelt, die vom sibirischen Kontinent wegdriftete. Aufgrund ihrer faunistischen Ähnlichkeiten, lassen auch andere große Formationen Alaskas auf eine sibirische Herkunft schließen: die Alexander-Formation SE-Alaskas, die arktische Alaska-Großformation und die York-Formation N-Alaskas. Der einzige Abschnitt Alaskas mit wirklich nordamerikanischer Herkunft ist das östliche Zentral-Alaska (einschließlich der Nation Arch), umrahmt von den Flüssen Porcupine im N und Yukon im S sowie der Tintina-Verwerfung. Faunen aus diesem letztgenannten Gebiet sind fast identisch mit solchen von miogeoklinalen, kratonischen Lagen des nordwestlichen und arktischen Kanada. Sie sind jedoch deutlich unterscheidbar von Faunen aus den übrigen Formationen Alaskas.

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  1. Departments of Zoology and Geosciences, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, Oregon, U.S.A.

    Robert B. Blodgett & Arthur J. Boucot

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Correspondence to Robert B. Blodgett.

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Blodgett, R.B., Boucot, A.J. Late Early Devonian (Late Emsian) eospiriferinid brachiopods from Shellabarger Pass, south-central Alaska, and their biogeographic importance; further evidence for a Siberian origin of the Farewell and allied Alaskan accreted terranes. Senckenbergiana lethaea 79, 209–221 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03043222

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