Zusammenfassung
Es wird von 6 Patienten mit einer Heparin-induzierten Thrombozytopenie und koronarer Herzkrankheit oder Aortenklappenstenose berichtet, die erfolgreich am Herzen operiert werden konnten, wobei rekombinantes (r) Hirudin als spezifischer und Cofaktoren-unabhängiger Thrombininhibitor für den kardiopulmonalen Bypass (CPB) verwendet wurde. Ein intravenöser r-Hirudin-Bolus von 0,25 mg/kg Körpergewicht und eine Dosis von 0,2 mg/kg Körpergewicht ins Priming der Herz-Lungen-Maschine erwiesen sich als ausreichend für eine effektive Antikoagulation während CPB. Zusätzliche r-Hirudin-Boli von 5 mg (Gesamtdosis: 0,1–0,8 mg/kg Körpergewicht) wurden verabreicht, sobald der r-Hirudin-Plasmaspiegel unter 2,5 μg/ml abfiel. Bei 3 Patienten wurden koronare Bypassoperationen, bei den anderen 3 Patienten jeweils ein Aortenklappenersatz durchgeführt. Zum Monitoring der Antikoagulation wurden die Ecarinzeit (ECT) und die aktivierte partielle Thromboplastinzeit (aPTT) in Abständen von 10 min bestimmt. ECT und aPTT-Werte korrelierten zuverlässig mit dem r-Hirudin-Plasmaspiegel. Die Perfusionszeit lag zwischen 83 und 180 min, die Aortenklemmzeit zwischen 0 und 83 min. Während der Operation gab es keine Blutungs- oder thromboembolischen Komplikationen und der Einlaßdruck am Oxygenator blieb konstant. Infolge der normalen Nierenfunktion kam es bei allen Patienten nach Ende des CPB zum zügigen Abfall des r-Hirudin-Plasmaspiegels und zur Normalisierung der Gerinnung. Bei einem Patienten konnte die r-Hirudin-Elimination mittels einer Hämofiltrationsphase von 15 min gegen Ende des CPB beschleunigt werden. Der postoperative Verlauf war bei allen Patienten unauffällig bis auf eine Rethorakotomie bei einem Patienten 6 h postoperativ wegen vermehrter Fördermenge aus den Thoraxdrainagen. Es fand sich eine chirurgische retrosternale Blutungsquelle, die durch Diathermie koaguliert wurde. Die ADP- und kollagen-induzierte Plättchenaggregation als Parameter für die Thrombozytenfunktion war bei allen Patienten nach 60 min CPB-Zeit noch relativ gut erhalten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß r-Hirudin bei Patienten mit einer HIT erfolgreich als alternatives Antikoagulans während CPB verwendet werden kann.
Summary
We report on six patients suffering from a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and coronary heart disease or valvular aortic stenosis, which could be treated successfully by cardiac operations using recombinant (r) hirudin as a specific and cofactor-independent thrombin inhibitor during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). An intravenous r-hirudin bolus of 0.25 mg/kg body weight and a dosis of 0.2 mg/kg body weight of r-hirudin into the priming solution of the heart-lung machine showed to be sufficient for a safe and effective anticoagulation during CPB. Additional boli of 5 mg r-hirudin (total amount: 0.1–0.8 mg/kg body weight) were administered when r-hirudin plasma levels decreased under the range of 2.5 μg/ml. In three patients a coronary artery bypass grafting was performed, and in three other patients an aortic valve replacement. In order to monitor the anticoagulatory effect of r-hirudin, the ecarin clotting time (ECT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were performed in 10-min intervals. ECT- and APTT-values correlated well with the r-hirudin plasma level. The perfusion time was between 83 and 180 min and the aortic crosslamp time between 0 and 83 min. During operation no bleeding or thromboembolic complications could be detected and the inlet pressure of the oxygenator remained constant. Due to the normal kidney function a rapid decrease of the r-hirudin plasma level and normalization of coagulation were observed in all patients at the end of CPB. In one patient r-hirudin elimination could be accelerated by a 15-min period of hemofiltration towards the end of CPB. The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients except for one surgical re-exploration in one patient 6 h postoperatively, because of prolonged bleeding from the thoracic drainages. A surgical retrosternal bleeding was found, which was coagulated by diathermia. The ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation as a parameter for the platelet function was well preserved after 60 min of CPB in all patients. These data indicate, that r-hirudin can be used in patients with HIT as an alternative anticoagulant during cardiac surgery including CPB.
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Riess, F.C., Pötzsch, B., Bleese, N. et al. Rekombinantes Hirudin als Antikoagulans für den kardiopulmonalen Bypass in der Herzchirurgie: Klinische Erfahrungen. Z. Herz-, Thorax-, Gefäßchir. 11, 79–87 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03042629
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03042629
Schlüsselwörter
- Rekombinantes Hirudin
- kardiopulmonaler Bypass
- Heparin-induzierte Thrombozytopenie
- Antikoagulation
- Herzchirurgie