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Towards South African economic hegemony in Africa: A preliminary assessment

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The Review of Black Political Economy

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Notes

  1. 1969 figures. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Industrialization, Foreign Capital and Forced Labour in South Africa (New York: 1970), Table A9.

  2. “South African Economic Framework,”Africa Today, September–October, 1970, p. 5.

  3. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 30.

  4. op. cit., “South African Economic Framework,”Africa Today, September–October, 1970, p. 5.

  5. Ibid. “South African Economic Framework,”Africa Today, September–October, 1970, p. 5.

  6. South African Reserve Bank,Quarterly Bulletin, December 1970.

  7. Dr. T.W. de Jongh, “Review of the Financial and Economic Situation in South Africa.”South African Journal of Economics, September 1970, pp. 214–223.

  8. The 1968–1973 Economic Development Program set a limit of 51/2% growth rate which could be realized without supplementing domestic savings by foreign capital fromFinancial Gazette (South Africa), February 21, 1969 cited inAfrican Research Bulletin (ARB) Economic, Financial and Technical Series, February 12–March 14, 1969, p. 1283.

  9. Forecast of Stellenbosch Bureau of Economic Research,Financial Gazette (FG), November 27, 1970 cited in ARB, November 15–December 14, 1970, p. 1873.

  10. T. W. de Jongh,op. cit., “Review of the Financial and Economic Situation in South Africa.”South African Journal of Economics, September 1970, pp 221. South Africa’s attempt in April 1969 to by pass the prohibition to sell gold to the IMF by drawing $66 million foreign exchange, an amount practically equal to its paid in portion of gold, invoked heavy U.S. criticism, ARB, April 15–May 14, 1969, p. 1352.

  11. J. Rogers Hollingsworth, “Arms and Apartheid: Should the U.S. Cut Loose,”Nation, March 29, 1971, p. 391.

  12. JohannesburgStar, December 14, 1970 cited in ARB, December 15, 1970 — January 14, 1971, p. 1900.

  13. Gene Chapin, Richard K. Vedder & Lowell E. Gallawat, “The Determinants of Emigration to South Africa, 1950–1967,”South African Journal of Economics, December 1970, p. 377.

  14. Ibid. Gene Chapin, Richard K. Vedder & Lowell E. Gallawat, “The Determinants of Emigration to South Africa, 1950–1967,”South African Journal of Economics, December 1970, p. 374.

  15. Ibid., Gene Chapin, Richard K. Vedder & Lowell E. Gallawat, “The Determinants of Emigration to South Africa, 1950–1967,”South African Journal of Economics, December 1970, p. 375.

  16. Ibid., Gene Chapin, Richard K. Vedder & Lowell E. Gallawat, “The Determinants of Emigration to South Africa, 1950–1967,”South African Journal of Economics, December 1970, p. 377.

  17. Un,Facts and Figures, op. cit., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 5.

  18. The Economist, July 17, 1971, p. 72.

  19. FG, February 21, 1969, cited inARB, February 15–March 14, 1969, p. 1283.

  20. See Robert Sutcliffe, “The Economic Relationship with South Africa,” inSouth West Africa, R. Segal and R. First (ed.) (London: Andre Deutsch, 1967), pp. 151–165.

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  21. Un,Industrialization, op. cit. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 42.

  22. Ibid. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971),

  23. United States, Agency for International Development, Office of Statistics and Reports, Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination (Washington, D.C.: January 1971), pp. 34 & 37.

  24. Calculated from 1968 figures from UN,Industrialization, op. cit., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), Table B9.

  25. Ibid. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 58. South Africa no longer publishes figures on individual country investment.

  26. Ibid. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 61.

  27. UN,Industrialization, op. cit. United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 60.

  28. FG, February 21, 1969, cited inARB, February 15–March 14, 1969, p. 1283.

  29. P. Smit, “South Africa and the Indian Ocean: the South African Viewpoint,” unpublished paper presented at Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies conference on the Indian Ocean, Washington, D.C., (March 1971), p. 3.

  30. Howard Wriggins, “United States Interests in the Indian Ocean, unpublished paper, Indian Ocean Conference, p. 14.

  31. P. Smit,op. cit, “South Africa and the Indian Ocean: the South African Viewpoint,” unpublished paper presented at Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies conference on the Indian Ocean, Washington, D.C., (March 1971). p. 9.

  32. The Economist, January 16, 1971 p. 29.

  33. There has been talk of a SATO alliance which might include such countries as the U.S. Britain, Portugal, Brazil Argentina, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia.

  34. “U.S. Stepping Up Efforts for Spanish Link to NATO,”New York Times, June 12, 1971.

  35. “Portugal Plans Shipyard to Build Supertankers,”New York Times, June 4, 1971.

  36. ARB, February 1–28, 1971, p. 2021.

  37. Figures released toLe Monde, by Jugues de l’Estoile, official head of French arms sales.The Economist, January 16–22, 1971, p. 30.

  38. Clark Kerr, Frederick Harbison, John T. Dunlap and Charles Meyers,Industrialization and Industrial Man (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), p. 35.

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  39. George Kennan, “Hazardous Courses in Southern Africa,”Foreign Affairs, January 1971.

  40. United States, House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on Africa,Policy Towards Africa in the Seventies, Washington, 1970, p. 323.

  41. Munro Edmondson and David Norsworthy, “Industry and Race Relations in the Southern United States,”in Industrialization and Race Relations, Guy Hunter (ed.) (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 52.

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  42. Donald Dewey, “Negro Employment in Industry,”Journal of Political Economy, August 1952, p. 75.

  43. Edmonson,op. cit., p. 52.

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  44. Un,Facts and Figures, op. cit., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 22.

  45. Ibid., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 5.

  46. Ibid., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 10.

  47. Ibid., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 8, from theFinancial Mail (Johnnesburg, September 19, 1969).

  48. Ibid., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 9., from theFinancial Mail, March 26, 1970.

  49. Ibid., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 8., from theFinancial Mail, September 6, 1968.

  50. Ibid., United Nations, Department of Political and Security Council Affairs, Unit on Apartheid,Facts and Figures on South Africa (February 1971), p. 26, from theRand Daily Mail (Johannesburg, February 20, 1970).

  51. George Kennan,op. cit., “Hazardous Courses in Southern Africa,”Foreign Affairs, January 1971. p. 226.

  52. Vernon McKay, “Southern Africa and Its Implications for American Policy,”in Southern Africa and the United States, William A. Hance. (ed.) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968), p. 31.

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  53. United Nations, General Assembly, Official Records, Twenty-Fourth Session, Supplement No. 25,Report of the Special Committee on the Policies of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa, (New York: 1969), p. 87.

  54. Jacqueline Matthews, “Prospect of an Association Agreement Between South Africa and the EEC,”South African Journal of Economics, (June 1970), p. 152.

  55. ARB, December 1–31, 1970, p. 1951.

  56. Ibid. ARB, November 15–December 14, 1970, p. 1870.

  57. “Afrique du sud: Houphouet favorable au dialoque,”Jeune Afrique November 15, 1970.

  58. Richard Hall,The High Price of Principles: Kaunda and the White South. (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 30.

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  59. ARB, November 15, December 14, 1970, p. 1868.

  60. The Richards Bay complex is near the 29 scattered areas set aside for the Zulu Homelands. Chief Buthelezi has recently taken the position that their homeland should have Richards Bay seaport, “New Voices Heard in South Africa in Behalf of the 15 Million Blacks,”New York Times, July 13, 1971.

  61. Hall,op. cit.,, p. 243.

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  62. This figure includes $540 million for the dam and $280 million for the 800 mile transmission line to South Africa.Dinancial Mail, March 22, 1968.

  63. Revue francaise d’etude politique africaine, No. 55., (July 1970), pp. 20–22.

  64. Financial Mail, February 21, 1969.

  65. ARB, December 15, 1970 — (January 14, 1971), p. 1896.

  66. Speech by General Rebelo from theCape Times, (February 12, 1969), cited in UN, GAOR, Supplement 25,op. cit., General Assembly, Official Records, Twenty-Fourth Session,Report of the Special Committee on the Policies of Apartheid of the Government of the Republic of South Africa, (New York: 1969), p. 94.

  67. Joseph Nye, “Comparing Common Markets; a Revised Neo-Functionalist Model,”International Organization, Autumn 1970, pp. 796–835; Roger Hansen, “Regional Integration: Reflections on a Decade of Theoretical Efforts,”World Politics, January 1969, pp. 257–270; Ernst Haas & P. Schmitter, “Economics and Differential Patterns of Political Integration; Projections about Unity in Latin America,”International Organization, Autumn 1964., Joseph Nye, Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict inRegional Organizations (Boston: Little Brown, 1971).

  68. USAID,Economic Growth Trends, op. cit. Regional Organizations, p. 13, 15.

  69. The 1.31097% was divided in the following manner between 1964–1968: Botswana — 0.30971%, Lesotho — 0.47093% and Swaziland 0 0.53033%,ARB, (December 15, 1969–January 4, 1970), p. 1557.

  70. Ibid. ARB, (December 15, 1969–January 4, 1970), p. 1557.

  71. Ibid. ARB, (December 15, 1969–January 4, 1970), p. 1557.

  72. G. M. E. Leistner, “Foreign Bantu Workers in South Africa: Their Present Position in The Economy,”South African Journal of Economics, (March 1967), p. 36.

  73. P. Smit,op. cit. “South African and the Indian Ocean: the South African Viewpoint,” unpublished paper presented at Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies conference on the Indian Ocean, Washington, D.C., (March 1971), p. 19.

  74. London Guardian, December 2, 1970, cited inARB, (November 15–December 14, 1970), p. 1888.

  75. For information of this relationship see, D. Kignes, L’association des etats africains et malgache a la CEE (Paris: Librairie Armand Colin, 1970), Pius Okigbo,Africa and the Common Market (London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., 1967.

  76. Clara Meijers, “The Community’s Relation with the World,”European Community, (March 1969, pp. 4–6.)

  77. Report of Andre Guillabert of Senegal to EEC-EAMA Parliamentary Conference, Yaounde, January 9–13, 1971, reported inARB (December 15, 1970–January 14, 1971, p. 1914).

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Challenor, H. Towards South African economic hegemony in Africa: A preliminary assessment. Rev Black Polit Econ 2, 56–80 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03040608

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